split group_constructions into several files
This commit is contained in:
Egbert Rijke
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038bbb8be3
6 changed files with 707 additions and 629 deletions
33
algebra/direct_sum.hlean
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33
algebra/direct_sum.hlean
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/-
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Copyright (c) 2015 Floris van Doorn. All rights reserved.
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Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
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Authors: Floris van Doorn, Egbert Rijke
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Constructions with groups
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-/
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import algebra.group_theory hit.set_quotient types.list types.sum .subgroup .quotient_group .product_group .free_group .free_commutative_group
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open eq algebra is_trunc set_quotient relation sigma sigma.ops prod prod.ops sum list trunc function
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equiv
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namespace group
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variables {G G' : Group} (H : subgroup_rel G) (N : normal_subgroup_rel G) {g g' h h' k : G}
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{A B : CommGroup}
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variables (X : Set) {l l' : list (X ⊎ X)}
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section
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parameters {I : Set} (Y : I → CommGroup)
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definition dirsum_carrier : CommGroup := free_comm_group (trunctype.mk (Σi, Y i) _)
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local abbreviation ι := @free_comm_group_inclusion
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inductive dirsum_rel : dirsum_carrier → Type :=
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| rmk : Πi y₁ y₂, dirsum_rel (ι ⟨i, y₁⟩ * ι ⟨i, y₂⟩ * (ι ⟨i, y₁ * y₂⟩)⁻¹)
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definition direct_sum : CommGroup := quotient_comm_group_gen dirsum_carrier (λg, ∥dirsum_rel g∥)
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end
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end group
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194
algebra/free_commutative_group.hlean
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194
algebra/free_commutative_group.hlean
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/-
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Copyright (c) 2015 Floris van Doorn. All rights reserved.
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Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
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Authors: Floris van Doorn, Egbert Rijke
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Constructions with groups
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-/
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import algebra.group_theory hit.set_quotient types.list types.sum .subgroup .quotient_group .product_group .free_group
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open eq algebra is_trunc set_quotient relation sigma sigma.ops prod prod.ops sum list trunc function
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equiv
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namespace group
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variables {G G' : Group} (H : subgroup_rel G) (N : normal_subgroup_rel G) {g g' h h' k : G}
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{A B : CommGroup}
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variables (X : Set) {l l' : list (X ⊎ X)}
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/- Free Commutative Group of a set -/
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namespace free_comm_group
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inductive fcg_rel : list (X ⊎ X) → list (X ⊎ X) → Type :=
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| rrefl : Πl, fcg_rel l l
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| cancel1 : Πx, fcg_rel [inl x, inr x] []
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| cancel2 : Πx, fcg_rel [inr x, inl x] []
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| rflip : Πx y, fcg_rel [x, y] [y, x]
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| resp_append : Π{l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄}, fcg_rel l₁ l₂ → fcg_rel l₃ l₄ →
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fcg_rel (l₁ ++ l₃) (l₂ ++ l₄)
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| rtrans : Π{l₁ l₂ l₃}, fcg_rel l₁ l₂ → fcg_rel l₂ l₃ →
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fcg_rel l₁ l₃
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open fcg_rel
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local abbreviation R [reducible] := fcg_rel
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attribute fcg_rel.rrefl [refl]
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attribute fcg_rel.rtrans [trans]
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definition fcg_carrier [reducible] : Type := set_quotient (λx y, ∥R X x y∥)
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local abbreviation FG := fcg_carrier
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definition is_reflexive_R : is_reflexive (λx y, ∥R X x y∥) :=
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begin constructor, intro s, apply tr, unfold R end
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local attribute is_reflexive_R [instance]
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variable {X}
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theorem rel_respect_flip (r : R X l l') : R X (map sum.flip l) (map sum.flip l') :=
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begin
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induction r with l x x x y l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel2 x},
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{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel1 x},
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{ repeat esimp [map], apply rflip},
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{ rewrite [+map_append], exact resp_append IH₁ IH₂},
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{ exact rtrans IH₁ IH₂}
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end
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theorem rel_respect_reverse (r : R X l l') : R X (reverse l) (reverse l') :=
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begin
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induction r with l x x x y l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel2 x},
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{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel1 x},
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{ repeat esimp [map], apply rflip},
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{ rewrite [+reverse_append], exact resp_append IH₂ IH₁},
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{ exact rtrans IH₁ IH₂}
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end
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theorem rel_cons_concat (l s) : R X (s :: l) (concat s l) :=
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begin
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induction l with t l IH,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ rewrite [concat_cons], transitivity (t :: s :: l),
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{ exact resp_append !rflip !rrefl},
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{ exact resp_append (rrefl [t]) IH}}
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end
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definition fcg_one [constructor] : FG X := class_of []
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definition fcg_inv [unfold 3] : FG X → FG X :=
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quotient_unary_map (reverse ∘ map sum.flip)
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(λl l', trunc_functor -1 (rel_respect_reverse ∘ rel_respect_flip))
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definition fcg_mul [unfold 3 4] : FG X → FG X → FG X :=
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quotient_binary_map append (λl l', trunc.elim (λr m m', trunc.elim (λs, tr (resp_append r s))))
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section
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local notation 1 := fcg_one
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local postfix ⁻¹ := fcg_inv
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local infix * := fcg_mul
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theorem fcg_mul_assoc (g₁ g₂ g₃ : FG X) : g₁ * g₂ * g₃ = g₁ * (g₂ * g₃) :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₁,
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₂,
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₃,
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clear g₁ g₂ g₃, intro g₁ g₂ g₃,
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exact ap class_of !append.assoc
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end
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theorem fcg_one_mul (g : FG X) : 1 * g = g :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
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exact ap class_of !append_nil_left
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end
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theorem fcg_mul_one (g : FG X) : g * 1 = g :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
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exact ap class_of !append_nil_right
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end
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theorem fcg_mul_left_inv (g : FG X) : g⁻¹ * g = 1 :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
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apply eq_of_rel, apply tr,
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induction g with s l IH,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ rewrite [▸*, map_cons, reverse_cons, concat_append],
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refine rtrans _ IH,
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apply resp_append, reflexivity,
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change R X ([flip s, s] ++ l) ([] ++ l),
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apply resp_append,
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induction s, apply cancel2, apply cancel1,
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reflexivity}
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end
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theorem fcg_mul_comm (g h : FG X) : g * h = h * g :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ h, clear h, intro h,
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apply eq_of_rel, apply tr,
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revert h, induction g with s l IH: intro h,
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{ rewrite [append_nil_left, append_nil_right]},
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{ rewrite [append_cons,-concat_append],
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transitivity concat s (l ++ h), apply rel_cons_concat,
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rewrite [-append_concat], apply IH}
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end
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end
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end free_comm_group open free_comm_group
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variables (X)
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definition group_free_comm_group [constructor] : comm_group (fcg_carrier X) :=
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comm_group.mk fcg_mul _ fcg_mul_assoc fcg_one fcg_one_mul fcg_mul_one
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fcg_inv fcg_mul_left_inv fcg_mul_comm
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definition free_comm_group [constructor] : CommGroup :=
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CommGroup.mk _ (group_free_comm_group X)
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/- The universal property of the free commutative group -/
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variables {X A}
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definition free_comm_group_inclusion [constructor] (x : X) : free_comm_group X :=
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class_of [inl x]
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theorem fgh_helper_respect_comm_rel (f : X → A) (r : fcg_rel X l l')
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: Π(g : A), foldl (fgh_helper f) g l = foldl (fgh_helper f) g l' :=
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begin
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induction r with l x x x y l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂: intro g,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ unfold [foldl], apply mul_inv_cancel_right},
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{ unfold [foldl], apply inv_mul_cancel_right},
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{ unfold [foldl, fgh_helper], apply mul.right_comm},
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{ rewrite [+foldl_append, IH₁, IH₂]},
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{ exact !IH₁ ⬝ !IH₂}
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end
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definition free_comm_group_hom [constructor] (f : X → A) : free_comm_group X →g A :=
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begin
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fapply homomorphism.mk,
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{ intro g, refine set_quotient.elim _ _ g,
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{ intro l, exact foldl (fgh_helper f) 1 l},
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{ intro l l' r, esimp at *, refine trunc.rec _ r, clear r, intro r,
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exact fgh_helper_respect_comm_rel f r 1}},
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{ refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l, refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l',
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esimp, refine !foldl_append ⬝ _, esimp, apply fgh_helper_mul}
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end
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definition fn_of_free_comm_group_hom [unfold_full] (φ : free_comm_group X →g A) : X → A :=
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φ ∘ free_comm_group_inclusion
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variables (X A)
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definition free_comm_group_hom_equiv_fn : (free_comm_group X →g A) ≃ (X → A) :=
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begin
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fapply equiv.MK,
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{ exact fn_of_free_comm_group_hom},
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{ exact free_comm_group_hom},
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{ intro f, apply eq_of_homotopy, intro x, esimp, unfold [foldl], apply one_mul},
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{ intro φ, apply homomorphism_eq, refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l, esimp,
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induction l with s l IH,
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{ esimp [foldl], symmetry, exact to_respect_one φ},
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{ rewrite [foldl_cons, fgh_helper_mul],
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refine _ ⬝ (to_respect_mul φ (class_of [s]) (class_of l))⁻¹,
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rewrite [▸*,IH], induction s: rewrite [▸*, one_mul], apply ap (λx, x * _),
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exact !to_respect_inv⁻¹}}
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end
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end group
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179
algebra/free_group.hlean
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179
algebra/free_group.hlean
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@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
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/-
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Copyright (c) 2015 Floris van Doorn. All rights reserved.
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Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
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Authors: Floris van Doorn, Egbert Rijke
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Constructions with groups
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-/
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import algebra.group_theory hit.set_quotient types.list types.sum .subgroup .quotient_group .product_group
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open eq algebra is_trunc set_quotient relation sigma sigma.ops prod prod.ops sum list trunc function
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equiv
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namespace group
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variables {G G' : Group} (H : subgroup_rel G) (N : normal_subgroup_rel G) {g g' h h' k : G}
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{A B : CommGroup}
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/- Free Group of a set -/
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variables (X : Set) {l l' : list (X ⊎ X)}
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namespace free_group
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inductive free_group_rel : list (X ⊎ X) → list (X ⊎ X) → Type :=
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| rrefl : Πl, free_group_rel l l
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| cancel1 : Πx, free_group_rel [inl x, inr x] []
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| cancel2 : Πx, free_group_rel [inr x, inl x] []
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| resp_append : Π{l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄}, free_group_rel l₁ l₂ → free_group_rel l₃ l₄ →
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free_group_rel (l₁ ++ l₃) (l₂ ++ l₄)
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| rtrans : Π{l₁ l₂ l₃}, free_group_rel l₁ l₂ → free_group_rel l₂ l₃ →
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free_group_rel l₁ l₃
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open free_group_rel
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local abbreviation R [reducible] := free_group_rel
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attribute free_group_rel.rrefl [refl]
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definition free_group_carrier [reducible] : Type := set_quotient (λx y, ∥R X x y∥)
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local abbreviation FG := free_group_carrier
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definition is_reflexive_R : is_reflexive (λx y, ∥R X x y∥) :=
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begin constructor, intro s, apply tr, unfold R end
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local attribute is_reflexive_R [instance]
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variable {X}
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theorem rel_respect_flip (r : R X l l') : R X (map sum.flip l) (map sum.flip l') :=
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begin
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induction r with l x x l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel2 x},
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{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel1 x},
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{ rewrite [+map_append], exact resp_append IH₁ IH₂},
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{ exact rtrans IH₁ IH₂}
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end
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theorem rel_respect_reverse (r : R X l l') : R X (reverse l) (reverse l') :=
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begin
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induction r with l x x l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel2 x},
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{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel1 x},
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{ rewrite [+reverse_append], exact resp_append IH₂ IH₁},
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{ exact rtrans IH₁ IH₂}
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end
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definition free_group_one [constructor] : FG X := class_of []
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definition free_group_inv [unfold 3] : FG X → FG X :=
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quotient_unary_map (reverse ∘ map sum.flip)
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(λl l', trunc_functor -1 (rel_respect_reverse ∘ rel_respect_flip))
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definition free_group_mul [unfold 3 4] : FG X → FG X → FG X :=
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quotient_binary_map append (λl l', trunc.elim (λr m m', trunc.elim (λs, tr (resp_append r s))))
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section
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local notation 1 := free_group_one
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local postfix ⁻¹ := free_group_inv
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local infix * := free_group_mul
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theorem free_group_mul_assoc (g₁ g₂ g₃ : FG X) : g₁ * g₂ * g₃ = g₁ * (g₂ * g₃) :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₁,
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₂,
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₃,
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clear g₁ g₂ g₃, intro g₁ g₂ g₃,
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exact ap class_of !append.assoc
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end
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theorem free_group_one_mul (g : FG X) : 1 * g = g :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
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exact ap class_of !append_nil_left
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end
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theorem free_group_mul_one (g : FG X) : g * 1 = g :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
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exact ap class_of !append_nil_right
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end
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theorem free_group_mul_left_inv (g : FG X) : g⁻¹ * g = 1 :=
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begin
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refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
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apply eq_of_rel, apply tr,
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induction g with s l IH,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ rewrite [▸*, map_cons, reverse_cons, concat_append],
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refine rtrans _ IH,
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apply resp_append, reflexivity,
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change R X ([flip s, s] ++ l) ([] ++ l),
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apply resp_append,
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induction s, apply cancel2, apply cancel1,
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reflexivity}
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end
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end
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end free_group open free_group
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-- export [reduce_hints] free_group
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variables (X)
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definition group_free_group [constructor] : group (free_group_carrier X) :=
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group.mk free_group_mul _ free_group_mul_assoc free_group_one free_group_one_mul free_group_mul_one
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free_group_inv free_group_mul_left_inv
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definition free_group [constructor] : Group :=
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Group.mk _ (group_free_group X)
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/- The universal property of the free group -/
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variables {X G}
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definition free_group_inclusion [constructor] (x : X) : free_group X :=
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class_of [inl x]
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definition fgh_helper [unfold 5] (f : X → G) (g : G) (x : X + X) : G :=
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g * sum.rec (λx, f x) (λx, (f x)⁻¹) x
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theorem fgh_helper_respect_rel (f : X → G) (r : free_group_rel X l l')
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: Π(g : G), foldl (fgh_helper f) g l = foldl (fgh_helper f) g l' :=
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begin
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induction r with l x x l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂: intro g,
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{ reflexivity},
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{ unfold [foldl], apply mul_inv_cancel_right},
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{ unfold [foldl], apply inv_mul_cancel_right},
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{ rewrite [+foldl_append, IH₁, IH₂]},
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{ exact !IH₁ ⬝ !IH₂}
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end
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theorem fgh_helper_mul (f : X → G) (l)
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: Π(g : G), foldl (fgh_helper f) g l = g * foldl (fgh_helper f) 1 l :=
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begin
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induction l with s l IH: intro g,
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{ unfold [foldl], exact !mul_one⁻¹},
|
||||
{ rewrite [+foldl_cons, IH], refine _ ⬝ (ap (λx, g * x) !IH⁻¹),
|
||||
rewrite [-mul.assoc, ↑fgh_helper, one_mul]}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition free_group_hom [constructor] (f : X → G) : free_group X →g G :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply homomorphism.mk,
|
||||
{ intro g, refine set_quotient.elim _ _ g,
|
||||
{ intro l, exact foldl (fgh_helper f) 1 l},
|
||||
{ intro l l' r, esimp at *, refine trunc.rec _ r, clear r, intro r,
|
||||
exact fgh_helper_respect_rel f r 1}},
|
||||
{ refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l, refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l',
|
||||
esimp, refine !foldl_append ⬝ _, esimp, apply fgh_helper_mul}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition fn_of_free_group_hom [unfold_full] (φ : free_group X →g G) : X → G :=
|
||||
φ ∘ free_group_inclusion
|
||||
|
||||
variables (X G)
|
||||
definition free_group_hom_equiv_fn : (free_group X →g G) ≃ (X → G) :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply equiv.MK,
|
||||
{ exact fn_of_free_group_hom},
|
||||
{ exact free_group_hom},
|
||||
{ intro f, apply eq_of_homotopy, intro x, esimp, unfold [foldl], apply one_mul},
|
||||
{ intro φ, apply homomorphism_eq, refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l, esimp,
|
||||
induction l with s l IH,
|
||||
{ esimp [foldl], exact (respect_one φ)⁻¹},
|
||||
{ rewrite [foldl_cons, fgh_helper_mul],
|
||||
refine _ ⬝ (respect_mul φ (class_of [s]) (class_of l))⁻¹,
|
||||
rewrite [IH], induction s: rewrite [▸*, one_mul], rewrite [-respect_inv φ]}}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
end group
|
||||
|
|
@ -6,644 +6,16 @@ Authors: Floris van Doorn, Egbert Rijke
|
|||
Constructions with groups
|
||||
-/
|
||||
|
||||
import algebra.group_theory hit.set_quotient types.list types.sum .subgroup
|
||||
import algebra.group_theory hit.set_quotient types.list types.sum .subgroup .quotient_group .product_group .free_group .free_commutative_group .direct_sum
|
||||
|
||||
open eq algebra is_trunc set_quotient relation sigma sigma.ops prod prod.ops sum list trunc function
|
||||
equiv
|
||||
namespace group
|
||||
|
||||
definition aut.{u} (G : Group.{u}) : Group.{u} :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply Group.mk,
|
||||
exact (G ≃g G),
|
||||
fapply group.mk,
|
||||
{ intros e f, fapply isomorphism.mk, exact f ∘g e, exact is_equiv.is_equiv_compose f e},
|
||||
{ /-is_set G ≃g G-/ exact sorry},
|
||||
{ /-associativity-/ intros e f g, exact sorry},
|
||||
{ /-identity-/ fapply isomorphism.mk, exact sorry, exact sorry},
|
||||
{ /-identity is left unit-/ exact sorry},
|
||||
{ /-identity is right unit-/ exact sorry},
|
||||
{ /-inverses-/ exact sorry},
|
||||
{ /-inverse is right inverse?-/ exact sorry},
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
-- definition inner_aut (G : Group) : G →g (G ≃g G) := sorry /-- h ↦ h * g * h⁻¹ --/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
variables {G G' : Group} (H : subgroup_rel G) (N : normal_subgroup_rel G) {g g' h h' k : G}
|
||||
{A B : CommGroup}
|
||||
|
||||
/- Quotient Group -/
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_rel (g h : G) : Prop := N (g * h⁻¹)
|
||||
|
||||
variable {N}
|
||||
|
||||
-- We prove that quotient_rel is an equivalence relation
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_refl (g : G) : quotient_rel N g g :=
|
||||
transport (λx, N x) !mul.right_inv⁻¹ (subgroup_has_one N)
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_symm (r : quotient_rel N g h) : quotient_rel N h g :=
|
||||
transport (λx, N x) (!mul_inv ⬝ ap (λx, x * _) !inv_inv) (subgroup_respect_inv N r)
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_trans (r : quotient_rel N g h) (s : quotient_rel N h k)
|
||||
: quotient_rel N g k :=
|
||||
have H1 : N ((g * h⁻¹) * (h * k⁻¹)), from subgroup_respect_mul N r s,
|
||||
have H2 : (g * h⁻¹) * (h * k⁻¹) = g * k⁻¹, from calc
|
||||
(g * h⁻¹) * (h * k⁻¹) = ((g * h⁻¹) * h) * k⁻¹ : by rewrite [mul.assoc (g * h⁻¹)]
|
||||
... = g * k⁻¹ : by rewrite inv_mul_cancel_right,
|
||||
show N (g * k⁻¹), from H2 ▸ H1
|
||||
|
||||
theorem is_equivalence_quotient_rel : is_equivalence (quotient_rel N) :=
|
||||
is_equivalence.mk quotient_rel_refl
|
||||
(λg h, quotient_rel_symm)
|
||||
(λg h k, quotient_rel_trans)
|
||||
|
||||
-- We prove that quotient_rel respects inverses and multiplication, so
|
||||
-- it is a congruence relation
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_resp_inv (r : quotient_rel N g h) : quotient_rel N g⁻¹ h⁻¹ :=
|
||||
have H1 : N (g⁻¹ * (h * g⁻¹) * g), from
|
||||
is_normal_subgroup' N g (quotient_rel_symm r),
|
||||
have H2 : g⁻¹ * (h * g⁻¹) * g = g⁻¹ * h⁻¹⁻¹, from calc
|
||||
g⁻¹ * (h * g⁻¹) * g = g⁻¹ * h * g⁻¹ * g : by rewrite -mul.assoc
|
||||
... = g⁻¹ * h : inv_mul_cancel_right
|
||||
... = g⁻¹ * h⁻¹⁻¹ : by rewrite algebra.inv_inv,
|
||||
show N (g⁻¹ * h⁻¹⁻¹), from H2 ▸ H1
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_resp_mul (r : quotient_rel N g h) (r' : quotient_rel N g' h')
|
||||
: quotient_rel N (g * g') (h * h') :=
|
||||
have H1 : N (g * ((g' * h'⁻¹) * h⁻¹)), from
|
||||
normal_subgroup_insert N r' r,
|
||||
have H2 : g * ((g' * h'⁻¹) * h⁻¹) = (g * g') * (h * h')⁻¹, from calc
|
||||
g * ((g' * h'⁻¹) * h⁻¹) = g * (g' * (h'⁻¹ * h⁻¹)) : by rewrite [mul.assoc]
|
||||
... = (g * g') * (h'⁻¹ * h⁻¹) : mul.assoc
|
||||
... = (g * g') * (h * h')⁻¹ : by rewrite [mul_inv],
|
||||
show N ((g * g') * (h * h')⁻¹), from transport (λx, N x) H2 H1
|
||||
|
||||
local attribute is_equivalence_quotient_rel [instance]
|
||||
|
||||
variable (N)
|
||||
|
||||
definition qg : Type := set_quotient (quotient_rel N)
|
||||
|
||||
variable {N}
|
||||
|
||||
local attribute qg [reducible]
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_one [constructor] : qg N := class_of one
|
||||
definition quotient_inv [unfold 3] : qg N → qg N :=
|
||||
quotient_unary_map has_inv.inv (λg g' r, quotient_rel_resp_inv r)
|
||||
definition quotient_mul [unfold 3 4] : qg N → qg N → qg N :=
|
||||
quotient_binary_map has_mul.mul (λg g' r h h' r', quotient_rel_resp_mul r r')
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
local notation 1 := quotient_one
|
||||
local postfix ⁻¹ := quotient_inv
|
||||
local infix * := quotient_mul
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_mul_assoc (g₁ g₂ g₃ : qg N) : g₁ * g₂ * g₃ = g₁ * (g₂ * g₃) :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₁,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₂,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₃,
|
||||
clear g₁ g₂ g₃, intro g₁ g₂ g₃,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !mul.assoc
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_one_mul (g : qg N) : 1 * g = g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !one_mul
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_mul_one (g : qg N) : g * 1 = g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !mul_one
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_mul_left_inv (g : qg N) : g⁻¹ * g = 1 :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !mul.left_inv
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_mul_comm {G : CommGroup} {N : normal_subgroup_rel G} (g h : qg N)
|
||||
: g * h = h * g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ h, clear h, intro h,
|
||||
apply ap class_of, esimp, apply mul.comm
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
variable (N)
|
||||
definition group_qg [constructor] : group (qg N) :=
|
||||
group.mk quotient_mul _ quotient_mul_assoc quotient_one quotient_one_mul quotient_mul_one
|
||||
quotient_inv quotient_mul_left_inv
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_group [constructor] : Group :=
|
||||
Group.mk _ (group_qg N)
|
||||
|
||||
definition comm_group_qg [constructor] {G : CommGroup} (N : normal_subgroup_rel G)
|
||||
: comm_group (qg N) :=
|
||||
⦃comm_group, group_qg N, mul_comm := quotient_mul_comm⦄
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_comm_group [constructor] {G : CommGroup} (N : subgroup_rel G)
|
||||
: CommGroup :=
|
||||
CommGroup.mk _ (comm_group_qg (normal_subgroup_rel_comm N))
|
||||
|
||||
definition gq_map : G →g quotient_group N :=
|
||||
homomorphism.mk class_of (λ g h, idp)
|
||||
|
||||
namespace quotient
|
||||
notation `⟦`:max a `⟧`:0 := gq_map a _
|
||||
end quotient
|
||||
|
||||
open quotient
|
||||
variable {N}
|
||||
|
||||
definition gq_map_eq_one (g : G) (H : N g) : gq_map N g = 1 :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
apply eq_of_rel,
|
||||
have e : (g * 1⁻¹ = g),
|
||||
from calc
|
||||
g * 1⁻¹ = g * 1 : one_inv
|
||||
... = g : mul_one,
|
||||
unfold quotient_rel, rewrite e, exact H
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition rel_of_gq_map_eq_one (g : G) (H : gq_map N g = 1) : N g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
have e : (g * 1⁻¹ = g),
|
||||
from calc
|
||||
g * 1⁻¹ = g * 1 : one_inv
|
||||
... = g : mul_one,
|
||||
rewrite (inverse e),
|
||||
apply rel_of_eq _ H
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_group_elim (f : G →g G') (H : Π⦃g⦄, N g → f g = 1) : quotient_group N →g G' :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply homomorphism.mk,
|
||||
-- define function
|
||||
{ apply set_quotient.elim f,
|
||||
intro g h K,
|
||||
apply eq_of_mul_inv_eq_one,
|
||||
have e : f (g * h⁻¹) = f g * (f h)⁻¹,
|
||||
from calc
|
||||
f (g * h⁻¹) = f g * (f h⁻¹) : to_respect_mul
|
||||
... = f g * (f h)⁻¹ : to_respect_inv,
|
||||
rewrite (inverse e),
|
||||
apply H, exact K},
|
||||
{ intro g h, induction g using set_quotient.rec_prop with g,
|
||||
induction h using set_quotient.rec_prop with h,
|
||||
krewrite (inverse (to_respect_mul (gq_map N) g h)),
|
||||
unfold gq_map, esimp, exact to_respect_mul f g h }
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_group_compute (f : G →g G') (H : Π⦃g⦄, N g → f g = 1) : quotient_group_elim f H ∘g gq_map N ~ f :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
intro g, reflexivity
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition glift_unique (f : G →g G') (H : Π⦃g⦄, N g → f g = 1) (k : quotient_group N →g G')
|
||||
: ( k ∘g gq_map N ~ f ) → k ~ quotient_group_elim f H :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
intro K cg, induction cg using set_quotient.rec_prop with g,
|
||||
krewrite (quotient_group_compute f),
|
||||
exact K g
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition gq_universal_property (f : G →g G') (H : Π⦃g⦄, N g → f g = 1) :
|
||||
is_contr (Σ(g : quotient_group N →g G'), g ∘g gq_map N = f) :=
|
||||
sorry
|
||||
|
||||
/- Binary products (direct product) of Groups -/
|
||||
definition product_one [constructor] : G × G' := (one, one)
|
||||
definition product_inv [unfold 3] : G × G' → G × G' :=
|
||||
λv, (v.1⁻¹, v.2⁻¹)
|
||||
definition product_mul [unfold 3 4] : G × G' → G × G' → G × G' :=
|
||||
λv w, (v.1 * w.1, v.2 * w.2)
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
local notation 1 := product_one
|
||||
local postfix ⁻¹ := product_inv
|
||||
local infix * := product_mul
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_mul_assoc (g₁ g₂ g₃ : G × G') : g₁ * g₂ * g₃ = g₁ * (g₂ * g₃) :=
|
||||
prod_eq !mul.assoc !mul.assoc
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_one_mul (g : G × G') : 1 * g = g :=
|
||||
prod_eq !one_mul !one_mul
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_mul_one (g : G × G') : g * 1 = g :=
|
||||
prod_eq !mul_one !mul_one
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_mul_left_inv (g : G × G') : g⁻¹ * g = 1 :=
|
||||
prod_eq !mul.left_inv !mul.left_inv
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_mul_comm {G G' : CommGroup} (g h : G × G') : g * h = h * g :=
|
||||
prod_eq !mul.comm !mul.comm
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
variables (G G')
|
||||
definition group_prod [constructor] : group (G × G') :=
|
||||
group.mk product_mul _ product_mul_assoc product_one product_one_mul product_mul_one
|
||||
product_inv product_mul_left_inv
|
||||
|
||||
definition product [constructor] : Group :=
|
||||
Group.mk _ (group_prod G G')
|
||||
|
||||
definition comm_group_prod [constructor] (G G' : CommGroup) : comm_group (G × G') :=
|
||||
⦃comm_group, group_prod G G', mul_comm := product_mul_comm⦄
|
||||
|
||||
definition comm_product [constructor] (G G' : CommGroup) : CommGroup :=
|
||||
CommGroup.mk _ (comm_group_prod G G')
|
||||
|
||||
infix ` ×g `:30 := group.product
|
||||
|
||||
/- Free Group of a set -/
|
||||
variables (X : Set) {l l' : list (X ⊎ X)}
|
||||
namespace free_group
|
||||
|
||||
inductive free_group_rel : list (X ⊎ X) → list (X ⊎ X) → Type :=
|
||||
| rrefl : Πl, free_group_rel l l
|
||||
| cancel1 : Πx, free_group_rel [inl x, inr x] []
|
||||
| cancel2 : Πx, free_group_rel [inr x, inl x] []
|
||||
| resp_append : Π{l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄}, free_group_rel l₁ l₂ → free_group_rel l₃ l₄ →
|
||||
free_group_rel (l₁ ++ l₃) (l₂ ++ l₄)
|
||||
| rtrans : Π{l₁ l₂ l₃}, free_group_rel l₁ l₂ → free_group_rel l₂ l₃ →
|
||||
free_group_rel l₁ l₃
|
||||
|
||||
open free_group_rel
|
||||
local abbreviation R [reducible] := free_group_rel
|
||||
attribute free_group_rel.rrefl [refl]
|
||||
|
||||
definition free_group_carrier [reducible] : Type := set_quotient (λx y, ∥R X x y∥)
|
||||
local abbreviation FG := free_group_carrier
|
||||
|
||||
definition is_reflexive_R : is_reflexive (λx y, ∥R X x y∥) :=
|
||||
begin constructor, intro s, apply tr, unfold R end
|
||||
local attribute is_reflexive_R [instance]
|
||||
|
||||
variable {X}
|
||||
theorem rel_respect_flip (r : R X l l') : R X (map sum.flip l) (map sum.flip l') :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
induction r with l x x l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel2 x},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel1 x},
|
||||
{ rewrite [+map_append], exact resp_append IH₁ IH₂},
|
||||
{ exact rtrans IH₁ IH₂}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem rel_respect_reverse (r : R X l l') : R X (reverse l) (reverse l') :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
induction r with l x x l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel2 x},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel1 x},
|
||||
{ rewrite [+reverse_append], exact resp_append IH₂ IH₁},
|
||||
{ exact rtrans IH₁ IH₂}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition free_group_one [constructor] : FG X := class_of []
|
||||
definition free_group_inv [unfold 3] : FG X → FG X :=
|
||||
quotient_unary_map (reverse ∘ map sum.flip)
|
||||
(λl l', trunc_functor -1 (rel_respect_reverse ∘ rel_respect_flip))
|
||||
definition free_group_mul [unfold 3 4] : FG X → FG X → FG X :=
|
||||
quotient_binary_map append (λl l', trunc.elim (λr m m', trunc.elim (λs, tr (resp_append r s))))
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
local notation 1 := free_group_one
|
||||
local postfix ⁻¹ := free_group_inv
|
||||
local infix * := free_group_mul
|
||||
|
||||
theorem free_group_mul_assoc (g₁ g₂ g₃ : FG X) : g₁ * g₂ * g₃ = g₁ * (g₂ * g₃) :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₁,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₂,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₃,
|
||||
clear g₁ g₂ g₃, intro g₁ g₂ g₃,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !append.assoc
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem free_group_one_mul (g : FG X) : 1 * g = g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !append_nil_left
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem free_group_mul_one (g : FG X) : g * 1 = g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !append_nil_right
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem free_group_mul_left_inv (g : FG X) : g⁻¹ * g = 1 :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
apply eq_of_rel, apply tr,
|
||||
induction g with s l IH,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ rewrite [▸*, map_cons, reverse_cons, concat_append],
|
||||
refine rtrans _ IH,
|
||||
apply resp_append, reflexivity,
|
||||
change R X ([flip s, s] ++ l) ([] ++ l),
|
||||
apply resp_append,
|
||||
induction s, apply cancel2, apply cancel1,
|
||||
reflexivity}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
end free_group open free_group
|
||||
-- export [reduce_hints] free_group
|
||||
variables (X)
|
||||
definition group_free_group [constructor] : group (free_group_carrier X) :=
|
||||
group.mk free_group_mul _ free_group_mul_assoc free_group_one free_group_one_mul free_group_mul_one
|
||||
free_group_inv free_group_mul_left_inv
|
||||
|
||||
definition free_group [constructor] : Group :=
|
||||
Group.mk _ (group_free_group X)
|
||||
|
||||
/- The universal property of the free group -/
|
||||
variables {X G}
|
||||
definition free_group_inclusion [constructor] (x : X) : free_group X :=
|
||||
class_of [inl x]
|
||||
|
||||
definition fgh_helper [unfold 5] (f : X → G) (g : G) (x : X + X) : G :=
|
||||
g * sum.rec (λx, f x) (λx, (f x)⁻¹) x
|
||||
|
||||
theorem fgh_helper_respect_rel (f : X → G) (r : free_group_rel X l l')
|
||||
: Π(g : G), foldl (fgh_helper f) g l = foldl (fgh_helper f) g l' :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
induction r with l x x l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂: intro g,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ unfold [foldl], apply mul_inv_cancel_right},
|
||||
{ unfold [foldl], apply inv_mul_cancel_right},
|
||||
{ rewrite [+foldl_append, IH₁, IH₂]},
|
||||
{ exact !IH₁ ⬝ !IH₂}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem fgh_helper_mul (f : X → G) (l)
|
||||
: Π(g : G), foldl (fgh_helper f) g l = g * foldl (fgh_helper f) 1 l :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
induction l with s l IH: intro g,
|
||||
{ unfold [foldl], exact !mul_one⁻¹},
|
||||
{ rewrite [+foldl_cons, IH], refine _ ⬝ (ap (λx, g * x) !IH⁻¹),
|
||||
rewrite [-mul.assoc, ↑fgh_helper, one_mul]}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition free_group_hom [constructor] (f : X → G) : free_group X →g G :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply homomorphism.mk,
|
||||
{ intro g, refine set_quotient.elim _ _ g,
|
||||
{ intro l, exact foldl (fgh_helper f) 1 l},
|
||||
{ intro l l' r, esimp at *, refine trunc.rec _ r, clear r, intro r,
|
||||
exact fgh_helper_respect_rel f r 1}},
|
||||
{ refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l, refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l',
|
||||
esimp, refine !foldl_append ⬝ _, esimp, apply fgh_helper_mul}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition fn_of_free_group_hom [unfold_full] (φ : free_group X →g G) : X → G :=
|
||||
φ ∘ free_group_inclusion
|
||||
|
||||
variables (X G)
|
||||
definition free_group_hom_equiv_fn : (free_group X →g G) ≃ (X → G) :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply equiv.MK,
|
||||
{ exact fn_of_free_group_hom},
|
||||
{ exact free_group_hom},
|
||||
{ intro f, apply eq_of_homotopy, intro x, esimp, unfold [foldl], apply one_mul},
|
||||
{ intro φ, apply homomorphism_eq, refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l, esimp,
|
||||
induction l with s l IH,
|
||||
{ esimp [foldl], exact (respect_one φ)⁻¹},
|
||||
{ rewrite [foldl_cons, fgh_helper_mul],
|
||||
refine _ ⬝ (respect_mul φ (class_of [s]) (class_of l))⁻¹,
|
||||
rewrite [IH], induction s: rewrite [▸*, one_mul], rewrite [-respect_inv φ]}}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
/- Free Commutative Group of a set -/
|
||||
namespace free_comm_group
|
||||
|
||||
inductive fcg_rel : list (X ⊎ X) → list (X ⊎ X) → Type :=
|
||||
| rrefl : Πl, fcg_rel l l
|
||||
| cancel1 : Πx, fcg_rel [inl x, inr x] []
|
||||
| cancel2 : Πx, fcg_rel [inr x, inl x] []
|
||||
| rflip : Πx y, fcg_rel [x, y] [y, x]
|
||||
| resp_append : Π{l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄}, fcg_rel l₁ l₂ → fcg_rel l₃ l₄ →
|
||||
fcg_rel (l₁ ++ l₃) (l₂ ++ l₄)
|
||||
| rtrans : Π{l₁ l₂ l₃}, fcg_rel l₁ l₂ → fcg_rel l₂ l₃ →
|
||||
fcg_rel l₁ l₃
|
||||
|
||||
open fcg_rel
|
||||
local abbreviation R [reducible] := fcg_rel
|
||||
attribute fcg_rel.rrefl [refl]
|
||||
attribute fcg_rel.rtrans [trans]
|
||||
|
||||
definition fcg_carrier [reducible] : Type := set_quotient (λx y, ∥R X x y∥)
|
||||
local abbreviation FG := fcg_carrier
|
||||
|
||||
definition is_reflexive_R : is_reflexive (λx y, ∥R X x y∥) :=
|
||||
begin constructor, intro s, apply tr, unfold R end
|
||||
local attribute is_reflexive_R [instance]
|
||||
|
||||
variable {X}
|
||||
theorem rel_respect_flip (r : R X l l') : R X (map sum.flip l) (map sum.flip l') :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
induction r with l x x x y l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel2 x},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel1 x},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], apply rflip},
|
||||
{ rewrite [+map_append], exact resp_append IH₁ IH₂},
|
||||
{ exact rtrans IH₁ IH₂}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem rel_respect_reverse (r : R X l l') : R X (reverse l) (reverse l') :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
induction r with l x x x y l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel2 x},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], exact cancel1 x},
|
||||
{ repeat esimp [map], apply rflip},
|
||||
{ rewrite [+reverse_append], exact resp_append IH₂ IH₁},
|
||||
{ exact rtrans IH₁ IH₂}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem rel_cons_concat (l s) : R X (s :: l) (concat s l) :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
induction l with t l IH,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ rewrite [concat_cons], transitivity (t :: s :: l),
|
||||
{ exact resp_append !rflip !rrefl},
|
||||
{ exact resp_append (rrefl [t]) IH}}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition fcg_one [constructor] : FG X := class_of []
|
||||
definition fcg_inv [unfold 3] : FG X → FG X :=
|
||||
quotient_unary_map (reverse ∘ map sum.flip)
|
||||
(λl l', trunc_functor -1 (rel_respect_reverse ∘ rel_respect_flip))
|
||||
definition fcg_mul [unfold 3 4] : FG X → FG X → FG X :=
|
||||
quotient_binary_map append (λl l', trunc.elim (λr m m', trunc.elim (λs, tr (resp_append r s))))
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
local notation 1 := fcg_one
|
||||
local postfix ⁻¹ := fcg_inv
|
||||
local infix * := fcg_mul
|
||||
|
||||
theorem fcg_mul_assoc (g₁ g₂ g₃ : FG X) : g₁ * g₂ * g₃ = g₁ * (g₂ * g₃) :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₁,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₂,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₃,
|
||||
clear g₁ g₂ g₃, intro g₁ g₂ g₃,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !append.assoc
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem fcg_one_mul (g : FG X) : 1 * g = g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !append_nil_left
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem fcg_mul_one (g : FG X) : g * 1 = g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !append_nil_right
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem fcg_mul_left_inv (g : FG X) : g⁻¹ * g = 1 :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
apply eq_of_rel, apply tr,
|
||||
induction g with s l IH,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ rewrite [▸*, map_cons, reverse_cons, concat_append],
|
||||
refine rtrans _ IH,
|
||||
apply resp_append, reflexivity,
|
||||
change R X ([flip s, s] ++ l) ([] ++ l),
|
||||
apply resp_append,
|
||||
induction s, apply cancel2, apply cancel1,
|
||||
reflexivity}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem fcg_mul_comm (g h : FG X) : g * h = h * g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ h, clear h, intro h,
|
||||
apply eq_of_rel, apply tr,
|
||||
revert h, induction g with s l IH: intro h,
|
||||
{ rewrite [append_nil_left, append_nil_right]},
|
||||
{ rewrite [append_cons,-concat_append],
|
||||
transitivity concat s (l ++ h), apply rel_cons_concat,
|
||||
rewrite [-append_concat], apply IH}
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
end free_comm_group open free_comm_group
|
||||
|
||||
variables (X)
|
||||
definition group_free_comm_group [constructor] : comm_group (fcg_carrier X) :=
|
||||
comm_group.mk fcg_mul _ fcg_mul_assoc fcg_one fcg_one_mul fcg_mul_one
|
||||
fcg_inv fcg_mul_left_inv fcg_mul_comm
|
||||
|
||||
definition free_comm_group [constructor] : CommGroup :=
|
||||
CommGroup.mk _ (group_free_comm_group X)
|
||||
|
||||
/- The universal property of the free commutative group -/
|
||||
variables {X A}
|
||||
definition free_comm_group_inclusion [constructor] (x : X) : free_comm_group X :=
|
||||
class_of [inl x]
|
||||
|
||||
theorem fgh_helper_respect_comm_rel (f : X → A) (r : fcg_rel X l l')
|
||||
: Π(g : A), foldl (fgh_helper f) g l = foldl (fgh_helper f) g l' :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
induction r with l x x x y l₁ l₂ l₃ l₄ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂ l₁ l₂ l₃ r₁ r₂ IH₁ IH₂: intro g,
|
||||
{ reflexivity},
|
||||
{ unfold [foldl], apply mul_inv_cancel_right},
|
||||
{ unfold [foldl], apply inv_mul_cancel_right},
|
||||
{ unfold [foldl, fgh_helper], apply mul.right_comm},
|
||||
{ rewrite [+foldl_append, IH₁, IH₂]},
|
||||
{ exact !IH₁ ⬝ !IH₂}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition free_comm_group_hom [constructor] (f : X → A) : free_comm_group X →g A :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply homomorphism.mk,
|
||||
{ intro g, refine set_quotient.elim _ _ g,
|
||||
{ intro l, exact foldl (fgh_helper f) 1 l},
|
||||
{ intro l l' r, esimp at *, refine trunc.rec _ r, clear r, intro r,
|
||||
exact fgh_helper_respect_comm_rel f r 1}},
|
||||
{ refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l, refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l',
|
||||
esimp, refine !foldl_append ⬝ _, esimp, apply fgh_helper_mul}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition fn_of_free_comm_group_hom [unfold_full] (φ : free_comm_group X →g A) : X → A :=
|
||||
φ ∘ free_comm_group_inclusion
|
||||
|
||||
variables (X A)
|
||||
definition free_comm_group_hom_equiv_fn : (free_comm_group X →g A) ≃ (X → A) :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply equiv.MK,
|
||||
{ exact fn_of_free_comm_group_hom},
|
||||
{ exact free_comm_group_hom},
|
||||
{ intro f, apply eq_of_homotopy, intro x, esimp, unfold [foldl], apply one_mul},
|
||||
{ intro φ, apply homomorphism_eq, refine set_quotient.rec_prop _, intro l, esimp,
|
||||
induction l with s l IH,
|
||||
{ esimp [foldl], symmetry, exact to_respect_one φ},
|
||||
{ rewrite [foldl_cons, fgh_helper_mul],
|
||||
refine _ ⬝ (to_respect_mul φ (class_of [s]) (class_of l))⁻¹,
|
||||
rewrite [▸*,IH], induction s: rewrite [▸*, one_mul], apply ap (λx, x * _),
|
||||
exact !to_respect_inv⁻¹}}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
/- set generating normal subgroup -/
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
|
||||
parameters {GG : CommGroup} (S : GG → Prop)
|
||||
|
||||
inductive generating_relation' : GG → Type :=
|
||||
| rincl : Π{g}, S g → generating_relation' g
|
||||
| rmul : Π{g h}, generating_relation' g → generating_relation' h → generating_relation' (g * h)
|
||||
| rinv : Π{g}, generating_relation' g → generating_relation' g⁻¹
|
||||
| rone : generating_relation' 1
|
||||
open generating_relation'
|
||||
definition generating_relation (g : GG) : Prop := ∥ generating_relation' g ∥
|
||||
local abbreviation R := generating_relation
|
||||
definition gr_one : R 1 := tr (rone S)
|
||||
definition gr_inv (g : GG) : R g → R g⁻¹ :=
|
||||
trunc_functor -1 rinv
|
||||
definition gr_mul (g h : GG) : R g → R h → R (g * h) :=
|
||||
trunc_functor2 rmul
|
||||
|
||||
definition normal_generating_relation : subgroup_rel GG :=
|
||||
⦃ subgroup_rel,
|
||||
R := generating_relation,
|
||||
Rone := gr_one,
|
||||
Rinv := gr_inv,
|
||||
Rmul := gr_mul⦄
|
||||
|
||||
parameter (GG)
|
||||
definition quotient_comm_group_gen : CommGroup := quotient_comm_group normal_generating_relation
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
|
||||
parameters {I : Set} (Y : I → CommGroup)
|
||||
|
||||
definition dirsum_carrier : CommGroup := free_comm_group (trunctype.mk (Σi, Y i) _)
|
||||
local abbreviation ι := @free_comm_group_inclusion
|
||||
inductive dirsum_rel : dirsum_carrier → Type :=
|
||||
| rmk : Πi y₁ y₂, dirsum_rel (ι ⟨i, y₁⟩ * ι ⟨i, y₂⟩ * (ι ⟨i, y₁ * y₂⟩)⁻¹)
|
||||
|
||||
definition direct_sum : CommGroup := quotient_comm_group_gen dirsum_carrier (λg, ∥dirsum_rel g∥)
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
/- Tensor group (WIP) -/
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
63
algebra/product_group.hlean
Normal file
63
algebra/product_group.hlean
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
|
|||
/-
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2015 Floris van Doorn. All rights reserved.
|
||||
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
|
||||
Authors: Floris van Doorn, Egbert Rijke
|
||||
|
||||
Constructions with groups
|
||||
-/
|
||||
|
||||
import algebra.group_theory hit.set_quotient types.list types.sum .subgroup .quotient_group
|
||||
|
||||
open eq algebra is_trunc set_quotient relation sigma sigma.ops prod prod.ops sum list trunc function
|
||||
equiv
|
||||
namespace group
|
||||
|
||||
variables {G G' : Group} (H : subgroup_rel G) (N : normal_subgroup_rel G) {g g' h h' k : G}
|
||||
{A B : CommGroup}
|
||||
|
||||
/- Binary products (direct product) of Groups -/
|
||||
definition product_one [constructor] : G × G' := (one, one)
|
||||
definition product_inv [unfold 3] : G × G' → G × G' :=
|
||||
λv, (v.1⁻¹, v.2⁻¹)
|
||||
definition product_mul [unfold 3 4] : G × G' → G × G' → G × G' :=
|
||||
λv w, (v.1 * w.1, v.2 * w.2)
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
local notation 1 := product_one
|
||||
local postfix ⁻¹ := product_inv
|
||||
local infix * := product_mul
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_mul_assoc (g₁ g₂ g₃ : G × G') : g₁ * g₂ * g₃ = g₁ * (g₂ * g₃) :=
|
||||
prod_eq !mul.assoc !mul.assoc
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_one_mul (g : G × G') : 1 * g = g :=
|
||||
prod_eq !one_mul !one_mul
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_mul_one (g : G × G') : g * 1 = g :=
|
||||
prod_eq !mul_one !mul_one
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_mul_left_inv (g : G × G') : g⁻¹ * g = 1 :=
|
||||
prod_eq !mul.left_inv !mul.left_inv
|
||||
|
||||
theorem product_mul_comm {G G' : CommGroup} (g h : G × G') : g * h = h * g :=
|
||||
prod_eq !mul.comm !mul.comm
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
variables (G G')
|
||||
definition group_prod [constructor] : group (G × G') :=
|
||||
group.mk product_mul _ product_mul_assoc product_one product_one_mul product_mul_one
|
||||
product_inv product_mul_left_inv
|
||||
|
||||
definition product [constructor] : Group :=
|
||||
Group.mk _ (group_prod G G')
|
||||
|
||||
definition comm_group_prod [constructor] (G G' : CommGroup) : comm_group (G × G') :=
|
||||
⦃comm_group, group_prod G G', mul_comm := product_mul_comm⦄
|
||||
|
||||
definition comm_product [constructor] (G G' : CommGroup) : CommGroup :=
|
||||
CommGroup.mk _ (comm_group_prod G G')
|
||||
|
||||
infix ` ×g `:30 := group.product
|
||||
|
||||
end group
|
||||
237
algebra/quotient_group.hlean
Normal file
237
algebra/quotient_group.hlean
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
|
|||
/-
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2015 Floris van Doorn. All rights reserved.
|
||||
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
|
||||
Authors: Floris van Doorn, Egbert Rijke
|
||||
|
||||
Constructions with groups
|
||||
-/
|
||||
|
||||
import algebra.group_theory hit.set_quotient types.list types.sum .subgroup
|
||||
|
||||
open eq algebra is_trunc set_quotient relation sigma sigma.ops prod prod.ops sum list trunc function
|
||||
equiv
|
||||
namespace group
|
||||
|
||||
variables {G G' : Group} (H : subgroup_rel G) (N : normal_subgroup_rel G) {g g' h h' k : G}
|
||||
{A B : CommGroup}
|
||||
|
||||
/- Quotient Group -/
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_rel (g h : G) : Prop := N (g * h⁻¹)
|
||||
|
||||
variable {N}
|
||||
|
||||
-- We prove that quotient_rel is an equivalence relation
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_refl (g : G) : quotient_rel N g g :=
|
||||
transport (λx, N x) !mul.right_inv⁻¹ (subgroup_has_one N)
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_symm (r : quotient_rel N g h) : quotient_rel N h g :=
|
||||
transport (λx, N x) (!mul_inv ⬝ ap (λx, x * _) !inv_inv) (subgroup_respect_inv N r)
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_trans (r : quotient_rel N g h) (s : quotient_rel N h k)
|
||||
: quotient_rel N g k :=
|
||||
have H1 : N ((g * h⁻¹) * (h * k⁻¹)), from subgroup_respect_mul N r s,
|
||||
have H2 : (g * h⁻¹) * (h * k⁻¹) = g * k⁻¹, from calc
|
||||
(g * h⁻¹) * (h * k⁻¹) = ((g * h⁻¹) * h) * k⁻¹ : by rewrite [mul.assoc (g * h⁻¹)]
|
||||
... = g * k⁻¹ : by rewrite inv_mul_cancel_right,
|
||||
show N (g * k⁻¹), from H2 ▸ H1
|
||||
|
||||
theorem is_equivalence_quotient_rel : is_equivalence (quotient_rel N) :=
|
||||
is_equivalence.mk quotient_rel_refl
|
||||
(λg h, quotient_rel_symm)
|
||||
(λg h k, quotient_rel_trans)
|
||||
|
||||
-- We prove that quotient_rel respects inverses and multiplication, so
|
||||
-- it is a congruence relation
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_resp_inv (r : quotient_rel N g h) : quotient_rel N g⁻¹ h⁻¹ :=
|
||||
have H1 : N (g⁻¹ * (h * g⁻¹) * g), from
|
||||
is_normal_subgroup' N g (quotient_rel_symm r),
|
||||
have H2 : g⁻¹ * (h * g⁻¹) * g = g⁻¹ * h⁻¹⁻¹, from calc
|
||||
g⁻¹ * (h * g⁻¹) * g = g⁻¹ * h * g⁻¹ * g : by rewrite -mul.assoc
|
||||
... = g⁻¹ * h : inv_mul_cancel_right
|
||||
... = g⁻¹ * h⁻¹⁻¹ : by rewrite algebra.inv_inv,
|
||||
show N (g⁻¹ * h⁻¹⁻¹), from H2 ▸ H1
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_rel_resp_mul (r : quotient_rel N g h) (r' : quotient_rel N g' h')
|
||||
: quotient_rel N (g * g') (h * h') :=
|
||||
have H1 : N (g * ((g' * h'⁻¹) * h⁻¹)), from
|
||||
normal_subgroup_insert N r' r,
|
||||
have H2 : g * ((g' * h'⁻¹) * h⁻¹) = (g * g') * (h * h')⁻¹, from calc
|
||||
g * ((g' * h'⁻¹) * h⁻¹) = g * (g' * (h'⁻¹ * h⁻¹)) : by rewrite [mul.assoc]
|
||||
... = (g * g') * (h'⁻¹ * h⁻¹) : mul.assoc
|
||||
... = (g * g') * (h * h')⁻¹ : by rewrite [mul_inv],
|
||||
show N ((g * g') * (h * h')⁻¹), from transport (λx, N x) H2 H1
|
||||
|
||||
local attribute is_equivalence_quotient_rel [instance]
|
||||
|
||||
variable (N)
|
||||
|
||||
definition qg : Type := set_quotient (quotient_rel N)
|
||||
|
||||
variable {N}
|
||||
|
||||
local attribute qg [reducible]
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_one [constructor] : qg N := class_of one
|
||||
definition quotient_inv [unfold 3] : qg N → qg N :=
|
||||
quotient_unary_map has_inv.inv (λg g' r, quotient_rel_resp_inv r)
|
||||
definition quotient_mul [unfold 3 4] : qg N → qg N → qg N :=
|
||||
quotient_binary_map has_mul.mul (λg g' r h h' r', quotient_rel_resp_mul r r')
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
local notation 1 := quotient_one
|
||||
local postfix ⁻¹ := quotient_inv
|
||||
local infix * := quotient_mul
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_mul_assoc (g₁ g₂ g₃ : qg N) : g₁ * g₂ * g₃ = g₁ * (g₂ * g₃) :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₁,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₂,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g₃,
|
||||
clear g₁ g₂ g₃, intro g₁ g₂ g₃,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !mul.assoc
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_one_mul (g : qg N) : 1 * g = g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !one_mul
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_mul_one (g : qg N) : g * 1 = g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !mul_one
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_mul_left_inv (g : qg N) : g⁻¹ * g = 1 :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
exact ap class_of !mul.left_inv
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
theorem quotient_mul_comm {G : CommGroup} {N : normal_subgroup_rel G} (g h : qg N)
|
||||
: g * h = h * g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ g, clear g, intro g,
|
||||
refine set_quotient.rec_prop _ h, clear h, intro h,
|
||||
apply ap class_of, esimp, apply mul.comm
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
variable (N)
|
||||
definition group_qg [constructor] : group (qg N) :=
|
||||
group.mk quotient_mul _ quotient_mul_assoc quotient_one quotient_one_mul quotient_mul_one
|
||||
quotient_inv quotient_mul_left_inv
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_group [constructor] : Group :=
|
||||
Group.mk _ (group_qg N)
|
||||
|
||||
definition comm_group_qg [constructor] {G : CommGroup} (N : normal_subgroup_rel G)
|
||||
: comm_group (qg N) :=
|
||||
⦃comm_group, group_qg N, mul_comm := quotient_mul_comm⦄
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_comm_group [constructor] {G : CommGroup} (N : subgroup_rel G)
|
||||
: CommGroup :=
|
||||
CommGroup.mk _ (comm_group_qg (normal_subgroup_rel_comm N))
|
||||
|
||||
definition gq_map : G →g quotient_group N :=
|
||||
homomorphism.mk class_of (λ g h, idp)
|
||||
|
||||
namespace quotient
|
||||
notation `⟦`:max a `⟧`:0 := gq_map a _
|
||||
end quotient
|
||||
|
||||
open quotient
|
||||
variable {N}
|
||||
|
||||
definition gq_map_eq_one (g : G) (H : N g) : gq_map N g = 1 :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
apply eq_of_rel,
|
||||
have e : (g * 1⁻¹ = g),
|
||||
from calc
|
||||
g * 1⁻¹ = g * 1 : one_inv
|
||||
... = g : mul_one,
|
||||
unfold quotient_rel, rewrite e, exact H
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition rel_of_gq_map_eq_one (g : G) (H : gq_map N g = 1) : N g :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
have e : (g * 1⁻¹ = g),
|
||||
from calc
|
||||
g * 1⁻¹ = g * 1 : one_inv
|
||||
... = g : mul_one,
|
||||
rewrite (inverse e),
|
||||
apply rel_of_eq _ H
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_group_elim (f : G →g G') (H : Π⦃g⦄, N g → f g = 1) : quotient_group N →g G' :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
fapply homomorphism.mk,
|
||||
-- define function
|
||||
{ apply set_quotient.elim f,
|
||||
intro g h K,
|
||||
apply eq_of_mul_inv_eq_one,
|
||||
have e : f (g * h⁻¹) = f g * (f h)⁻¹,
|
||||
from calc
|
||||
f (g * h⁻¹) = f g * (f h⁻¹) : to_respect_mul
|
||||
... = f g * (f h)⁻¹ : to_respect_inv,
|
||||
rewrite (inverse e),
|
||||
apply H, exact K},
|
||||
{ intro g h, induction g using set_quotient.rec_prop with g,
|
||||
induction h using set_quotient.rec_prop with h,
|
||||
krewrite (inverse (to_respect_mul (gq_map N) g h)),
|
||||
unfold gq_map, esimp, exact to_respect_mul f g h }
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition quotient_group_compute (f : G →g G') (H : Π⦃g⦄, N g → f g = 1) : quotient_group_elim f H ∘g gq_map N ~ f :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
intro g, reflexivity
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition glift_unique (f : G →g G') (H : Π⦃g⦄, N g → f g = 1) (k : quotient_group N →g G')
|
||||
: ( k ∘g gq_map N ~ f ) → k ~ quotient_group_elim f H :=
|
||||
begin
|
||||
intro K cg, induction cg using set_quotient.rec_prop with g,
|
||||
krewrite (quotient_group_compute f),
|
||||
exact K g
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
definition gq_universal_property (f : G →g G') (H : Π⦃g⦄, N g → f g = 1) :
|
||||
is_contr (Σ(g : quotient_group N →g G'), g ∘g gq_map N = f) :=
|
||||
sorry
|
||||
|
||||
/- set generating normal subgroup -/
|
||||
|
||||
section
|
||||
|
||||
parameters {GG : CommGroup} (S : GG → Prop)
|
||||
|
||||
inductive generating_relation' : GG → Type :=
|
||||
| rincl : Π{g}, S g → generating_relation' g
|
||||
| rmul : Π{g h}, generating_relation' g → generating_relation' h → generating_relation' (g * h)
|
||||
| rinv : Π{g}, generating_relation' g → generating_relation' g⁻¹
|
||||
| rone : generating_relation' 1
|
||||
open generating_relation'
|
||||
definition generating_relation (g : GG) : Prop := ∥ generating_relation' g ∥
|
||||
local abbreviation R := generating_relation
|
||||
definition gr_one : R 1 := tr (rone S)
|
||||
definition gr_inv (g : GG) : R g → R g⁻¹ :=
|
||||
trunc_functor -1 rinv
|
||||
definition gr_mul (g h : GG) : R g → R h → R (g * h) :=
|
||||
trunc_functor2 rmul
|
||||
|
||||
definition normal_generating_relation : subgroup_rel GG :=
|
||||
⦃ subgroup_rel,
|
||||
R := generating_relation,
|
||||
Rone := gr_one,
|
||||
Rinv := gr_inv,
|
||||
Rmul := gr_mul⦄
|
||||
|
||||
parameter (GG)
|
||||
definition quotient_comm_group_gen : CommGroup := quotient_comm_group normal_generating_relation
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
end group
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue