diff --git a/.changeset/spotty-glasses-grin.md b/.changeset/spotty-glasses-grin.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a903b79d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/spotty-glasses-grin.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@astrojs/mdx': patch
+---
+
+Add location data to MDX compile errors
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts b/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
index c6d27ab36..73b652db6 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ export interface AstroUserConfig {
 	 * import netlify from '@astrojs/netlify/functions';
 	 * {
 	 *   // Example: Build for Netlify serverless deployment
-	 * 	 adapter: netlify(),
+	 *   adapter: netlify(),
 	 * }
 	 * ```
 	 */
@@ -658,9 +658,9 @@ export interface AstroUserConfig {
 	 *
 	 * Specifies the output target for builds.
 	 *
-	 * - 'static' - Building a static site to be deploy to any static host.
-	 * - 'server' - Building an app to be deployed to a host supporting SSR (server-side rendering).
-	 * - 'hybrid' - Building a static site with a few server-side rendered pages.
+	 * - `'static'` - Building a static site to be deploy to any static host.
+	 * - `'server'` - Building an app to be deployed to a host supporting SSR (server-side rendering).
+	 * - `'hybrid'` - Building a static site with a few server-side rendered pages.
 	 *
 	 * ```js
 	 * import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
@@ -685,8 +685,8 @@ export interface AstroUserConfig {
 		 * @default `'directory'`
 		 * @description
 		 * Control the output file format of each page.
-		 *   - If 'file', Astro will generate an HTML file (ex: "/foo.html") for each page.
-		 *   - If 'directory', Astro will generate a directory with a nested `index.html` file (ex: "/foo/index.html") for each page.
+		 *   - If `'file'`, Astro will generate an HTML file (ex: "/foo.html") for each page.
+		 *   - If `'directory'`, Astro will generate a directory with a nested `index.html` file (ex: "/foo/index.html") for each page.
 		 *
 		 * ```js
 		 * {
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ export interface AstroUserConfig {
 	/**
 	 * @docs
 	 * @kind heading
-	 * @name Image options
+	 * @name Image Options
 	 */
 	image?: {
 		/**
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ export interface AstroUserConfig {
 		 * @default `{entrypoint: 'astro/assets/services/sharp', config?: {}}`
 		 * @version 2.1.0
 		 * @description
-		 * Set which image service is used for Astro’s experimental assets support.
+		 * Set which image service is used for Astro’s assets support.
 		 *
 		 * The value should be an object with an entrypoint for the image service to use and optionally, a config object to pass to the service.
 		 *
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ export interface AstroUserConfig {
 		 * @default `{domains: []}`
 		 * @version 2.10.10
 		 * @description
-		 * Defines a list of permitted image source domains for local image optimization. No other remote images will be optimized by Astro.
+		 * Defines a list of permitted image source domains for remote image optimization. No other remote images will be optimized by Astro.
 		 *
 		 * This option requires an array of individual domain names as strings. Wildcards are not permitted. Instead, use [`image.remotePatterns`](#imageremotepatterns) to define a list of allowed source URL patterns.
 		 *
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ export interface AstroUserConfig {
 		 * @default `{remotePatterns: []}`
 		 * @version 2.10.10
 		 * @description
-		 * Defines a list of permitted image source URL patterns for local image optimization.
+		 * Defines a list of permitted image source URL patterns for remote image optimization.
 		 *
 		 * `remotePatterns` can be configured with four properties:
 		 * 1. protocol
diff --git a/packages/integrations/mdx/src/index.ts b/packages/integrations/mdx/src/index.ts
index 8366698d5..9053e824c 100644
--- a/packages/integrations/mdx/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/integrations/mdx/src/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { markdownConfigDefaults } from '@astrojs/markdown-remark';
 import { toRemarkInitializeAstroData } from '@astrojs/markdown-remark/dist/internal.js';
 import { compile as mdxCompile, type CompileOptions } from '@mdx-js/mdx';
 import type { PluggableList } from '@mdx-js/mdx/lib/core.js';
-import type { AstroIntegration, ContentEntryType, HookParameters } from 'astro';
+import type { AstroIntegration, ContentEntryType, HookParameters, SSRError } from 'astro';
 import astroJSXRenderer from 'astro/jsx/renderer.js';
 import { parse as parseESM } from 'es-module-lexer';
 import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
@@ -129,27 +129,33 @@ export default function mdx(partialMdxOptions: Partial<MdxOptions> = {}): AstroI
 									const code = await fs.readFile(fileId, 'utf-8');
 
 									const { data: frontmatter, content: pageContent } = parseFrontmatter(code, id);
-									const compiled = await mdxCompile(new VFile({ value: pageContent, path: id }), {
-										...mdxPluginOpts,
-										elementAttributeNameCase: 'html',
-										remarkPlugins: [
-											// Ensure `data.astro` is available to all remark plugins
-											toRemarkInitializeAstroData({ userFrontmatter: frontmatter }),
-											...(mdxPluginOpts.remarkPlugins ?? []),
-										],
-										recmaPlugins: [
-											...(mdxPluginOpts.recmaPlugins ?? []),
-											() => recmaInjectImportMetaEnvPlugin({ importMetaEnv }),
-										],
-										SourceMapGenerator: config.vite.build?.sourcemap
-											? SourceMapGenerator
-											: undefined,
-									});
+									try {
+										const compiled = await mdxCompile(new VFile({ value: pageContent, path: id }), {
+											...mdxPluginOpts,
+											elementAttributeNameCase: 'html',
+											remarkPlugins: [
+												// Ensure `data.astro` is available to all remark plugins
+												toRemarkInitializeAstroData({ userFrontmatter: frontmatter }),
+												...(mdxPluginOpts.remarkPlugins ?? []),
+											],
+											recmaPlugins: [
+												...(mdxPluginOpts.recmaPlugins ?? []),
+												() => recmaInjectImportMetaEnvPlugin({ importMetaEnv }),
+											],
+											SourceMapGenerator: config.vite.build?.sourcemap
+												? SourceMapGenerator
+												: undefined,
+										});
 
-									return {
-										code: escapeViteEnvReferences(String(compiled.value)),
-										map: compiled.map,
-									};
+										return {
+											code: escapeViteEnvReferences(String(compiled.value)),
+											map: compiled.map,
+										};
+									} catch (e: any) {
+										const err: SSRError = e;
+										err.loc = { file: fileId, line: e.line, column: e.column };
+										throw err;
+									}
 								},
 							},
 							{