diff --git a/.changeset/quick-wolves-drive.md b/.changeset/quick-wolves-drive.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73c44265c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/quick-wolves-drive.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Support content collections with % in filename
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/content/types-generator.ts b/packages/astro/src/content/types-generator.ts
index 046b73b1c..b50c597fd 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/content/types-generator.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/content/types-generator.ts
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ export async function createContentTypesGenerator({
 		});
 
 		for (const entry of globResult) {
-			const entryURL = new URL(entry.path, contentPaths.contentDir);
+			const fullPath = path.join(fileURLToPath(contentPaths.contentDir), entry.path);
+			const entryURL = pathToFileURL(fullPath);
 			if (entryURL.href.startsWith(contentPaths.config.url.href)) continue;
 			if (entry.dirent.isFile()) {
 				events.push({
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
index 149b6760d..38bedb469 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import glob from 'fast-glob';
 import { bgGreen, bgMagenta, black, dim } from 'kleur/colors';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path, { extname } from 'node:path';
-import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 import * as vite from 'vite';
 import type { RouteData } from '../../@types/astro.js';
 import {
@@ -186,6 +186,17 @@ async function ssrBuild(
 							const sanitizedName = name.split('.')[0];
 							return `chunks/${sanitizedName}_[hash].mjs`;
 						}
+						// Detect if the chunk name has as % sign that is not encoded.
+						// This is borrowed from Node core: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/3838b579e44bf0c2db43171c3ce0da51eb6b05d5/lib/internal/url.js#L1382-L1391
+						// We do this because you cannot import a module with this character in it.
+						for(let i = 0; i < name.length; i++) {
+							if(name[i] === '%') {
+								const third = name.codePointAt(i + 2)! | 0x20;
+								if (name[i + 1] !== '2' || third !== 102) {
+									return `chunks/${name.replace(/%/g, '_percent_')}_[hash].mjs`;
+								}
+							}
+						}
 						return `chunks/[name]_[hash].mjs`;
 					},
 					assetFileNames: `${settings.config.build.assets}/[name].[hash][extname]`,
@@ -313,7 +324,8 @@ async function runPostBuildHooks(
 				? build.server
 				: build.client
 			: config.outDir;
-		const fileURL = new URL(fileName, root);
+		const fullPath = path.join(fileURLToPath(root), fileName);
+		const fileURL = pathToFileURL(fullPath);
 		await fs.promises.mkdir(new URL('./', fileURL), { recursive: true });
 		await fs.promises.writeFile(fileURL, mutation.code, 'utf-8');
 	}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown/index.ts
index dfc0bc0e0..6422f7305 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown/index.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
 import matter from 'gray-matter';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 import type { Plugin } from 'vite';
 import { normalizePath } from 'vite';
 import type { AstroSettings } from '../@types/astro.js';
@@ -76,9 +76,11 @@ export default function markdown({ settings, logger }: AstroPluginOptions): Plug
 				const rawFile = await fs.promises.readFile(fileId, 'utf-8');
 				const raw = safeMatter(rawFile, id);
 
+				const fileURL = pathToFileURL(fileId);
+
 				const renderResult = await processor
 					.render(raw.content, {
-						fileURL: new URL(`file://${fileId}`),
+						fileURL,
 						frontmatter: raw.data,
 					})
 					.catch((err) => {
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/content-collections.test.js b/packages/astro/test/content-collections.test.js
index 082a7c0eb..699254991 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/content-collections.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/content-collections.test.js
@@ -54,12 +54,13 @@ describe('Content Collections', () => {
 
 				const ids = json.withSchemaConfig.map((item) => item.id);
 				const publishedDates = json.withSchemaConfig.map((item) => item.data.publishedAt);
-				expect(ids).to.deep.equal(['one.md', 'three.md', 'two.md']);
+				expect(ids).to.deep.equal(['four%.md', 'one.md', 'three.md', 'two.md']);
 				expect(publishedDates.every((date) => date instanceof Date)).to.equal(
 					true,
 					'Not all publishedAt dates are Date objects'
 				);
 				expect(publishedDates.map((date) => date.toISOString())).to.deep.equal([
+					'2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
 					'2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
 					'2021-01-03T00:00:00.000Z',
 					'2021-01-02T00:00:00.000Z',
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collections/src/content/with-schema-config/four%.md b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collections/src/content/with-schema-config/four%.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bad429c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collections/src/content/with-schema-config/four%.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: Four
+description: The forth page
+lang: en
+publishedAt: 2021-01-01
+---
+
+# It's the forth page, fancy!