Merge pull request #562 from lacrosse/typos-and-additions
Fix typos and add a missing Unicode symbol
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4 changed files with 11 additions and 10 deletions
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@ -654,5 +654,5 @@ import Relation.Binary using (Decidable)
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∨ U+2228 LOGICAL OR (\or, \vee)
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⊃ U+2283 SUPERSET OF (\sup)
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ᵇ U+1D47 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL B (\^b)
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⌊ U+230A LEFT FLOOR (\cll)
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⌋ U+230B RIGHT FLOOR (\clr)
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⌊ U+230A LEFT FLOOR (\clL)
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⌋ U+230B RIGHT FLOOR (\clR)
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@ -520,15 +520,15 @@ it sparingly, but it is occasionally essential.
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## Leibniz equality
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The form of asserting equality that we have used is due to Martin
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Löf, and was published in 1975. An older form is due to Leibniz, and
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The form of asserting equality that we have used is due to Martin-Löf,
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and was published in 1975. An older form is due to Leibniz, and
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was published in 1686. Leibniz asserted the _identity of
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indiscernibles_: two objects are equal if and only if they satisfy the
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same properties. This principle sometimes goes by the name Leibniz'
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Law, and is closely related to Spock's Law, "A difference that makes
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no difference is no difference". Here we define Leibniz equality,
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and show that two terms satisfy Leibniz equality if and only if they
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satisfy Martin Löf equality.
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satisfy Martin-Löf equality.
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Leibniz equality is usually formalised to state that `x ≐ y` holds if
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every property `P` that holds of `x` also holds of `y`. Perhaps
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@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ implies `P x`. To do so, we instantiate the equality with a predicate
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is trivial by reflexivity, and hence `Q y` follows from `x ≐ y`. But
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`Q y` is exactly a proof of what we require, that `P y` implies `P x`.
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We now show that Martin Löf equality implies
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We now show that Martin-Löf equality implies
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Leibniz equality, and vice versa. In the forward direction, if we know
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`x ≡ y` we need for any `P` to take evidence of `P x` to evidence of `P y`,
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which is easy since equality of `x` and `y` implies that any proof
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@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ to a proof of `P y` we need to show `x ≡ y`:
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```
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The proof is similar to that for symmetry of Leibniz equality. We take
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`Q` to be the predicate that holds of `z` if `x ≡ z`. Then `Q x` is
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trivial by reflexivity of Martin Löf equality, and hence `Q y`
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trivial by reflexivity of Martin-Löf equality, and hence `Q y`
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follows from `x ≐ y`. But `Q y` is exactly a proof of what we
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require, that `x ≡ y`.
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@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ hypothesis:
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Reading the chain of equations in the inductive case of the proof, the
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top and bottom of the chain match the two sides of the equation to be
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shown, and reading down from the top and up from the bottom takes us
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to the simplified equation above. The remaining equation, does not follow
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to the simplified equation above. The remaining equation does not follow
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from simplification alone, so we use an additional operator for chain
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reasoning, `_≡⟨_⟩_`, where a justification for the equation appears
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within angle brackets. The justification given is:
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@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ We can fill in the hole by typing C-c C-r again:
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And again:
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⊢suc′ = ⊢ƛ (⊢suc (⊢` { }3))
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⊢sucᶜ = ⊢ƛ (⊢suc (⊢` { }3))
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?3 : ∅ , "n" ⦂ `ℕ ∋ "n" ⦂ `ℕ
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A further attempt with C-c C-r yields the message:
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@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ A further attempt with C-c C-r yields the message:
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We can fill in `Z` by hand. If we type C-c C-space, Agda will confirm we are done:
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⊢suc′ = ⊢ƛ (⊢suc (⊢` Z))
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⊢sucᶜ = ⊢ƛ (⊢suc (⊢` Z))
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The entire process can be automated using Agsy, invoked with C-c C-a.
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@ -1415,6 +1415,7 @@ This chapter uses the following unicode:
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⇒ U+21D2 RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW (\=>)
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ƛ U+019B LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE (\Gl-)
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· U+00B7 MIDDLE DOT (\cdot)
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≟ U+225F QUESTIONED EQUAL TO (\?=)
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— U+2014 EM DASH (\em)
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↠ U+21A0 RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW (\rr-)
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ξ U+03BE GREEK SMALL LETTER XI (\Gx or \xi)
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