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<h1 class="post-title">Table of Contents</h1>
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<p>This book is an introduction to programming language theory using the
proof assistant Agda.</p>
<p>Comments on all matters—organisation, material to add, material to
remove, parts that require better explanation, good exercises, errors,
and typos—are welcome. The book repository is on <a href="https://github.com/plfa/plfa.github.io/">GitHub</a>.
Pull requests are encouraged.</p>
<h2 id="front-matter">Front matter</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/20.07/Dedication/">Dedication</a></li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Preface/">Preface</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="part-1-logical-foundations">Part 1: Logical Foundations</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/20.07/Naturals/">Naturals</a>: Natural numbers</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Induction/">Induction</a>: Proof by induction</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Relations/">Relations</a>: Inductive definition of relations</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Equality/">Equality</a>: Equality and equational reasoning</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Isomorphism/">Isomorphism</a>: Isomorphism and embedding</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Connectives/">Connectives</a>: Conjunction, disjunction, and implication</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Negation/">Negation</a>: Negation, with intuitionistic and classical logic</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Quantifiers/">Quantifiers</a>: Universals and existentials</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Decidable/">Decidable</a>: Booleans and decision procedures</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Lists/">Lists</a>: Lists and higher-order functions</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="part-2-programming-language-foundations">Part 2: Programming Language Foundations</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/20.07/Lambda/">Lambda</a>: Introduction to Lambda Calculus</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Properties/">Properties</a>: Progress and Preservation</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/DeBruijn/">DeBruijn</a>: Intrinsically-typed de Bruijn representation</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/More/">More</a>: Additional constructs of simply-typed lambda calculus</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Bisimulation/">Bisimulation</a>: Relating reductions systems</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Inference/">Inference</a>: Bidirectional type inference</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Untyped/">Untyped</a>: Untyped lambda calculus with full normalisation</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Confluence/">Confluence</a>: Confluence of untyped lambda calculus</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/BigStep/">BigStep</a>: Big-step semantics of untyped lambda calculus</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="part-3-denotational-semantics">Part 3: Denotational Semantics</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/20.07/Denotational/">Denotational</a>: Denotational semantics of untyped lambda calculus</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Compositional/">Compositional</a>: The denotational semantics is compositional</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Soundness/">Soundness</a>: Soundness of reduction with respect to denotational semantics</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Adequacy/">Adequacy</a>: Adequacy of denotational semantics with respect to operational semantics</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/ContextualEquivalence/">ContextualEquivalence</a>: Denotational equality implies contextual equivalence</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="appendix">Appendix</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/20.07/Substitution/">Substitution</a>: Substitution in untyped lambda calculus</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="backmatter">Backmatter</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/20.07/Acknowledgements/">Acknowledgements</a></li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Fonts/">Fonts</a>: Test page for fonts</li>
<li><a href="/20.07/Statistics/">Statistics</a>: Line counts for each chapter</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="related">Related</h2>
<ul>
<li>Mailing lists for PLFA:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://lists.inf.ed.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/plfa-interest">plfa-interest@inf.ed.ac.uk</a>: <br />
A mailing list for users of the book. <br />
This is the place to ask and answer questions, or comment on the content of the book.</li>
<li><a href="http://lists.inf.ed.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/plfa-dev">plfa-dev@inf.ed.ac.uk</a>: <br />
A mailing list for contributors. <br />
This is the place to discuss changes and new additions to the book in excruciating detail.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Courses taught from the textbook (please tell us of others):
<ul>
<li>Philip Wadler, University of Edinburgh,
<a href="/20.07/TSPL/2018/">2018</a>,
<a href="/20.07/TSPL/2019/">2019</a></li>
<li>David Darais, University of Vermont,
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324115921/http://david.darais.com/courses/fa2018-cs295A/">2018</a></li>
<li>John Leo, Google Seattle, 20182019</li>
<li>Philip Wadler, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),
<a href="/20.07/PUC/2019/">2019</a></li>
<li>Prabhakar Ragde, University of Waterloo,
<a href="https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~plragde/842/">2019</a></li>
<li>Adrian King,
San Francisco Types, Theorems, and Programming Languages Meetup
<a href="http://meet.meetup.com/wf/click?upn=ZDzXt-2B-2BZmzYir6Bq5X7vEQ2iNYdgjN9-2FU9nWKp99AU8rZjrncUsSYODqOGn6kV-2BqW71oirCo-2Bk8O1q2FtDFhYZR-2B737CPhNWBjt58LuSRC-2BWTj61VZCHquysW8z7dVtQWxB5Sorl3chjZLDptP70L7aBZL14FTERnKJcRQdrMtc-3D_IqHN4t3hH47BvE1Cz0BakIxV4odHudhr6IVs-2Fzslmv-2FBuORsh-2FwQmOxMBdyMHsSBndQDQmt47hobqsLp-2Bm04Y9LwgV66MGyucsd0I9EgDEUB-2FjzdtSgRv-2Fxng8Pgsa3AZIEYILOhLpQ5ige5VFYTEHVN1pEqnujCHovmTxJkqAK9H-2BIL15-2FPxx97RfHcz7M30YNyqp6TOYfgTxyUHc6lufYKFA75Y7MV6MeDJMxw9-2FYUxR6CEjdoagQBmaGkBVzN">20192020</a></li>
<li>Dan Ghica, University of Birmingham
<a href="https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/internal/modules/2019/06-26943/">2019</a></li>
<li>Jeremy Siek, Indiana University,
<a href="https://jsiek.github.io/B522-PL-Foundations/">2020</a></li>
<li>William Cook, University of Texas,
<a href="https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~wcook/Courses/386L/Sp2020-GradPL.pdf">2020</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Shortlisted for Outstanding Course by Edinburgh University Student
Association (second place) <a href="https://www.eusa.ed.ac.uk/representation/campaigns/teachingawards2020/">2020</a>
<ul>
<li>“Types and Semantics for Programming Languages was the single
best course I took throughout my time at the University of
Edinburgh. Philip Wadler clearly poured his heart into teaching
it, including writing a whole textbook including exercises
specifically for the course.”</li>
<li>“One of the most inspiring courses. Philip designed a course
that is both very theoretical and very practical.”</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A paper describing the book appeared in <a href="https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/topics/agda.html#sbmf">SBMF</a> and <a href="https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/topics/agda.html#scf">SCP</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://nextjournal.com/plfa/ToC">NextJournal</a> has built a notebook version of PLFA, which lets you edit and execute the book via a web interface.</li>
</ul>
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