/- Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE. Author: Leonardo de Moura, Jeremy Avigad Finite sets. -/ import data.fintype data.nat data.list.perm data.subtype algebra.binary open nat quot list subtype binary function open [declarations] perm definition nodup_list (A : Type) := {l : list A | nodup l} variable {A : Type} definition to_nodup_list_of_nodup {l : list A} (n : nodup l) : nodup_list A := tag l n definition to_nodup_list [h : decidable_eq A] (l : list A) : nodup_list A := @to_nodup_list_of_nodup A (erase_dup l) (nodup_erase_dup l) namespace finset private definition eqv (l₁ l₂ : nodup_list A) := perm (elt_of l₁) (elt_of l₂) local infix ~ := eqv private definition eqv.refl (l : nodup_list A) : l ~ l := !perm.refl private definition eqv.symm {l₁ l₂ : nodup_list A} : l₁ ~ l₂ → l₂ ~ l₁ := assume p, perm.symm p private definition eqv.trans {l₁ l₂ l₃ : nodup_list A} : l₁ ~ l₂ → l₂ ~ l₃ → l₁ ~ l₃ := assume p₁ p₂, perm.trans p₁ p₂ definition nodup_list_setoid [instance] (A : Type) : setoid (nodup_list A) := setoid.mk (@eqv A) (mk_equivalence (@eqv A) (@eqv.refl A) (@eqv.symm A) (@eqv.trans A)) definition finset (A : Type) : Type := quot (nodup_list_setoid A) definition to_finset_of_nodup (l : list A) (n : nodup l) : finset A := ⟦to_nodup_list_of_nodup n⟧ definition to_finset [h : decidable_eq A] (l : list A) : finset A := ⟦to_nodup_list l⟧ definition has_decidable_eq [instance] [h : decidable_eq A] : decidable_eq (finset A) := λ s₁ s₂, quot.rec_on_subsingleton₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂, match decidable_perm (elt_of l₁) (elt_of l₂) with | decidable.inl e := decidable.inl (quot.sound e) | decidable.inr n := decidable.inr (λ e : ⟦l₁⟧ = ⟦l₂⟧, absurd (quot.exact e) n) end) definition mem (a : A) (s : finset A) : Prop := quot.lift_on s (λ l, a ∈ elt_of l) (λ l₁ l₂ (e : l₁ ~ l₂), propext (iff.intro (λ ainl₁, mem_perm e ainl₁) (λ ainl₂, mem_perm (perm.symm e) ainl₂))) infix `∈` := mem notation a ∉ b := ¬ mem a b theorem mem_of_mem_list {a : A} {l : nodup_list A} : a ∈ elt_of l → a ∈ ⟦l⟧ := λ ainl, ainl theorem mem_list_of_mem {a : A} {l : nodup_list A} : a ∈ ⟦l⟧ → a ∈ elt_of l := λ ainl, ainl /- singleton -/ definition singleton (a : A) : finset A := to_finset_of_nodup [a] !nodup_singleton theorem mem_singleton (a : A) : a ∈ singleton a := mem_of_mem_list !mem_cons theorem eq_of_mem_singleton {x a : A} : x ∈ singleton a → x = a := list.mem_singleton theorem mem_singleton_eq (x a : A) : (x ∈ singleton a) = (x = a) := propext (iff.intro eq_of_mem_singleton (assume H, eq.subst H !mem_singleton)) definition decidable_mem [instance] [h : decidable_eq A] : ∀ (a : A) (s : finset A), decidable (a ∈ s) := λ a s, quot.rec_on_subsingleton s (λ l, match list.decidable_mem a (elt_of l) with | decidable.inl p := decidable.inl (mem_of_mem_list p) | decidable.inr n := decidable.inr (λ p, absurd (mem_list_of_mem p) n) end) theorem mem_to_finset [h : decidable_eq A] {a : A} {l : list A} : a ∈ l → a ∈ to_finset l := λ ainl, mem_erase_dup ainl theorem mem_to_finset_of_nodup {a : A} {l : list A} (n : nodup l) : a ∈ l → a ∈ to_finset_of_nodup l n := λ ainl, ainl /- extensionality -/ theorem ext {s₁ s₂ : finset A} : (∀ a, a ∈ s₁ ↔ a ∈ s₂) → s₁ = s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ e, quot.sound (perm_ext (has_property l₁) (has_property l₂) e)) /- empty -/ definition empty : finset A := to_finset_of_nodup [] nodup_nil notation `∅` := !empty theorem not_mem_empty (a : A) : a ∉ ∅ := λ aine : a ∈ ∅, aine theorem mem_empty_iff (x : A) : x ∈ ∅ ↔ false := iff.mp' !iff_false_iff_not !not_mem_empty theorem mem_empty_eq (x : A) : x ∈ ∅ = false := propext !mem_empty_iff theorem eq_empty_of_forall_not_mem {s : finset A} (H : ∀x, ¬ x ∈ s) : s = ∅ := ext (take x, iff_false_intro (H x)) /- universe -/ definition univ [h : fintype A] : finset A := to_finset_of_nodup (@fintype.elems A h) (@fintype.unique A h) theorem mem_univ [h : fintype A] (x : A) : x ∈ univ := fintype.complete x theorem mem_univ_eq [h : fintype A] (x : A) : x ∈ univ = true := propext (iff_true_intro !mem_univ) /- card -/ definition card (s : finset A) : nat := quot.lift_on s (λ l, length (elt_of l)) (λ l₁ l₂ p, length_eq_length_of_perm p) theorem card_empty : card (@empty A) = 0 := rfl theorem card_singleton (a : A) : card (singleton a) = 1 := rfl /- insert -/ section insert variable [h : decidable_eq A] include h definition insert (a : A) (s : finset A) : finset A := quot.lift_on s (λ l, to_finset_of_nodup (insert a (elt_of l)) (nodup_insert a (has_property l))) (λ (l₁ l₂ : nodup_list A) (p : l₁ ~ l₂), quot.sound (perm_insert a p)) -- set builder notation notation `{[`:max a:(foldr `,` (x b, insert x b) ∅) `]}`:0 := a -- notation `⦃` a:(foldr `,` (x b, insert x b) ∅) `⦄` := a theorem mem_insert (a : A) (s : finset A) : a ∈ insert a s := quot.induction_on s (λ l : nodup_list A, mem_to_finset_of_nodup _ !list.mem_insert) theorem mem_insert_of_mem {a : A} {s : finset A} (b : A) : a ∈ s → a ∈ insert b s := quot.induction_on s (λ (l : nodup_list A) (ainl : a ∈ ⟦l⟧), mem_to_finset_of_nodup _ (list.mem_insert_of_mem _ ainl)) theorem eq_or_mem_of_mem_insert {x a : A} {s : finset A} : x ∈ insert a s → x = a ∨ x ∈ s := quot.induction_on s (λ l : nodup_list A, λ H, list.eq_or_mem_of_mem_insert H) theorem mem_insert_eq (x a : A) (s : finset A) : x ∈ insert a s = (x = a ∨ x ∈ s) := propext (iff.intro (!eq_or_mem_of_mem_insert) (assume H, or.elim H (assume H' : x = a, eq.subst (eq.symm H') !mem_insert) (assume H' : x ∈ s, !mem_insert_of_mem H'))) theorem insert_empty_eq (a : A) : {[ a ]} = singleton a := rfl theorem insert_eq_of_mem {a : A} {s : finset A} (H : a ∈ s) : insert a s = s := ext take x, begin rewrite [!mem_insert_eq], show x = a ∨ x ∈ s ↔ x ∈ s, from iff.intro (assume H1, or.elim H1 (assume H2 : x = a, eq.subst (eq.symm H2) H) (assume H2, H2)) (assume H1, or.inr H1) end theorem card_insert_of_mem {a : A} {s : finset A} : a ∈ s → card (insert a s) = card s := quot.induction_on s (λ (l : nodup_list A) (ainl : a ∈ ⟦l⟧), list.length_insert_of_mem ainl) theorem card_insert_of_not_mem {a : A} {s : finset A} : a ∉ s → card (insert a s) = card s + 1 := quot.induction_on s (λ (l : nodup_list A) (nainl : a ∉ ⟦l⟧), list.length_insert_of_not_mem nainl) protected theorem induction [recursor 6] {P : finset A → Prop} (H1 : P empty) (H2 : ∀⦃s : finset A⦄, ∀{a : A}, a ∉ s → P s → P (insert a s)) : ∀s, P s := take s, quot.induction_on s (take u, subtype.destruct u (take l, list.induction_on l (assume nodup_l, H1) (take a l', assume IH nodup_al', have anl' : a ∉ l', from not_mem_of_nodup_cons nodup_al', assert H3 : list.insert a l' = a :: l', from insert_eq_of_not_mem anl', assert nodup_l' : nodup l', from nodup_of_nodup_cons nodup_al', assert P_l' : P (quot.mk (subtype.tag l' nodup_l')), from IH nodup_l', assert H4 : P (insert a (quot.mk (subtype.tag l' nodup_l'))), from H2 anl' P_l', begin revert nodup_al', rewrite [-H3], intros, apply H4 end))) protected theorem induction_on {P : finset A → Prop} (s : finset A) (H1 : P empty) (H2 : ∀⦃s : finset A⦄, ∀{a : A}, a ∉ s → P s → P (insert a s)) : P s := finset.induction H1 H2 s end insert /- erase -/ section erase variable [h : decidable_eq A] include h definition erase (a : A) (s : finset A) : finset A := quot.lift_on s (λ l, to_finset_of_nodup (erase a (elt_of l)) (nodup_erase_of_nodup a (has_property l))) (λ (l₁ l₂ : nodup_list A) (p : l₁ ~ l₂), quot.sound (erase_perm_erase_of_perm a p)) theorem mem_erase (a : A) (s : finset A) : a ∉ erase a s := quot.induction_on s (λ l, list.mem_erase_of_nodup _ (has_property l)) theorem card_erase_of_mem {a : A} {s : finset A} : a ∈ s → card (erase a s) = pred (card s) := quot.induction_on s (λ l ainl, list.length_erase_of_mem ainl) theorem card_erase_of_not_mem {a : A} {s : finset A} : a ∉ s → card (erase a s) = card s := quot.induction_on s (λ l nainl, list.length_erase_of_not_mem nainl) end erase /- union -/ section union variable [h : decidable_eq A] include h definition union (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : finset A := quot.lift_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂, to_finset_of_nodup (list.union (elt_of l₁) (elt_of l₂)) (nodup_union_of_nodup_of_nodup (has_property l₁) (has_property l₂))) (λ v₁ v₂ w₁ w₂ p₁ p₂, quot.sound (perm_union p₁ p₂)) notation s₁ ∪ s₂ := union s₁ s₂ theorem mem_union_left {a : A} {s₁ : finset A} (s₂ : finset A) : a ∈ s₁ → a ∈ s₁ ∪ s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ ainl₁, list.mem_union_left _ ainl₁) theorem mem_union_l {a : A} {s₁ : finset A} {s₂ : finset A} : a ∈ s₁ → a ∈ s₁ ∪ s₂ := mem_union_left s₂ theorem mem_union_right {a : A} {s₂ : finset A} (s₁ : finset A) : a ∈ s₂ → a ∈ s₁ ∪ s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ ainl₂, list.mem_union_right _ ainl₂) theorem mem_union_r {a : A} {s₂ : finset A} {s₁ : finset A} : a ∈ s₂ → a ∈ s₁ ∪ s₂ := mem_union_right s₁ theorem mem_or_mem_of_mem_union {a : A} {s₁ s₂ : finset A} : a ∈ s₁ ∪ s₂ → a ∈ s₁ ∨ a ∈ s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ ainl₁l₂, list.mem_or_mem_of_mem_union ainl₁l₂) theorem mem_union_iff (a : A) (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : a ∈ s₁ ∪ s₂ ↔ a ∈ s₁ ∨ a ∈ s₂ := iff.intro (λ h, mem_or_mem_of_mem_union h) (λ d, or.elim d (λ i, mem_union_left _ i) (λ i, mem_union_right _ i)) theorem mem_union_eq (a : A) (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : (a ∈ s₁ ∪ s₂) = (a ∈ s₁ ∨ a ∈ s₂) := propext !mem_union_iff theorem union.comm (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : s₁ ∪ s₂ = s₂ ∪ s₁ := ext (λ a, by rewrite [*mem_union_eq]; exact or.comm) theorem union.assoc (s₁ s₂ s₃ : finset A) : (s₁ ∪ s₂) ∪ s₃ = s₁ ∪ (s₂ ∪ s₃) := ext (λ a, by rewrite [*mem_union_eq]; exact or.assoc) theorem union_self (s : finset A) : s ∪ s = s := ext (λ a, iff.intro (λ ain, or.elim (mem_or_mem_of_mem_union ain) (λ i, i) (λ i, i)) (λ i, mem_union_left _ i)) theorem union_empty (s : finset A) : s ∪ ∅ = s := ext (λ a, iff.intro (λ ain : a ∈ s ∪ ∅, or.elim (mem_or_mem_of_mem_union ain) (λ i, i) (λ i, absurd i !not_mem_empty)) (λ i : a ∈ s, mem_union_left _ i)) theorem empty_union (s : finset A) : ∅ ∪ s = s := calc ∅ ∪ s = s ∪ ∅ : union.comm ... = s : union_empty theorem insert_eq (a : A) (s : finset A) : insert a s = singleton a ∪ s := ext (take x, calc x ∈ insert a s ↔ x ∈ insert a s : iff.refl ... = (x = a ∨ x ∈ s) : mem_insert_eq ... = (x ∈ singleton a ∨ x ∈ s) : mem_singleton_eq ... = (x ∈ {[ a ]} ∪ s) : mem_union_eq) theorem insert_union (a : A) (s t : finset A) : insert a (s ∪ t) = insert a s ∪ t := by rewrite [*insert_eq, union.assoc] end union /- inter -/ section inter variable [h : decidable_eq A] include h definition inter (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : finset A := quot.lift_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂, to_finset_of_nodup (list.inter (elt_of l₁) (elt_of l₂)) (nodup_inter_of_nodup _ (has_property l₁))) (λ v₁ v₂ w₁ w₂ p₁ p₂, quot.sound (perm_inter p₁ p₂)) notation s₁ ∩ s₂ := inter s₁ s₂ theorem mem_of_mem_inter_left {a : A} {s₁ s₂ : finset A} : a ∈ s₁ ∩ s₂ → a ∈ s₁ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ ainl₁l₂, list.mem_of_mem_inter_left ainl₁l₂) theorem mem_of_mem_inter_right {a : A} {s₁ s₂ : finset A} : a ∈ s₁ ∩ s₂ → a ∈ s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ ainl₁l₂, list.mem_of_mem_inter_right ainl₁l₂) theorem mem_inter {a : A} {s₁ s₂ : finset A} : a ∈ s₁ → a ∈ s₂ → a ∈ s₁ ∩ s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ ainl₁ ainl₂, list.mem_inter_of_mem_of_mem ainl₁ ainl₂) theorem mem_inter_iff (a : A) (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : a ∈ s₁ ∩ s₂ ↔ a ∈ s₁ ∧ a ∈ s₂ := iff.intro (λ h, and.intro (mem_of_mem_inter_left h) (mem_of_mem_inter_right h)) (λ h, mem_inter (and.elim_left h) (and.elim_right h)) theorem mem_inter_eq (a : A) (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : (a ∈ s₁ ∩ s₂) = (a ∈ s₁ ∧ a ∈ s₂) := propext !mem_inter_iff theorem inter.comm (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : s₁ ∩ s₂ = s₂ ∩ s₁ := ext (λ a, by rewrite [*mem_inter_eq]; exact and.comm) theorem inter.assoc (s₁ s₂ s₃ : finset A) : (s₁ ∩ s₂) ∩ s₃ = s₁ ∩ (s₂ ∩ s₃) := ext (λ a, by rewrite [*mem_inter_eq]; exact and.assoc) theorem inter_self (s : finset A) : s ∩ s = s := ext (λ a, iff.intro (λ h, mem_of_mem_inter_right h) (λ h, mem_inter h h)) theorem inter_empty (s : finset A) : s ∩ ∅ = ∅ := ext (λ a, iff.intro (λ h : a ∈ s ∩ ∅, absurd (mem_of_mem_inter_right h) !not_mem_empty) (λ h : a ∈ ∅, absurd h !not_mem_empty)) theorem empty_inter (s : finset A) : ∅ ∩ s = ∅ := calc ∅ ∩ s = s ∩ ∅ : inter.comm ... = ∅ : inter_empty theorem singleton_inter_of_mem {a : A} {s : finset A} (H : a ∈ s) : singleton a ∩ s = singleton a := ext (take x, begin rewrite [mem_inter_eq, !mem_singleton_eq], exact iff.intro (assume H1 : x = a ∧ x ∈ s, and.left H1) (assume H1 : x = a, and.intro H1 (eq.subst (eq.symm H1) H)) end) theorem singleton_inter_of_not_mem {a : A} {s : finset A} (H : a ∉ s) : singleton a ∩ s = ∅ := ext (take x, begin rewrite [mem_inter_eq, !mem_singleton_eq, mem_empty_eq], exact iff.intro (assume H1 : x = a ∧ x ∈ s, H (eq.subst (and.left H1) (and.right H1))) (false.elim) end) end inter /- distributivity laws -/ section inter variable [h : decidable_eq A] include h theorem inter.distrib_left (s t u : finset A) : s ∩ (t ∪ u) = (s ∩ t) ∪ (s ∩ u) := ext (take x, by rewrite [mem_inter_eq, *mem_union_eq, *mem_inter_eq]; apply and.distrib_left) theorem inter.distrib_right (s t u : finset A) : (s ∪ t) ∩ u = (s ∩ u) ∪ (t ∩ u) := ext (take x, by rewrite [mem_inter_eq, *mem_union_eq, *mem_inter_eq]; apply and.distrib_right) theorem union.distrib_left (s t u : finset A) : s ∪ (t ∩ u) = (s ∪ t) ∩ (s ∪ u) := ext (take x, by rewrite [mem_union_eq, *mem_inter_eq, *mem_union_eq]; apply or.distrib_left) theorem union.distrib_right (s t u : finset A) : (s ∩ t) ∪ u = (s ∪ u) ∩ (t ∪ u) := ext (take x, by rewrite [mem_union_eq, *mem_inter_eq, *mem_union_eq]; apply or.distrib_right) end inter /- disjoint -/ -- Mainly for internal use; library will use s₁ ∩ s₂ = ∅. Note that it does not require decidable equality. definition disjoint (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : Prop := quot.lift_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂, disjoint (elt_of l₁) (elt_of l₂)) (λ v₁ v₂ w₁ w₂ p₁ p₂, propext (iff.intro (λ d₁ a (ainw₁ : a ∈ elt_of w₁), have ainv₁ : a ∈ elt_of v₁, from mem_perm (perm.symm p₁) ainw₁, have nainv₂ : a ∉ elt_of v₂, from disjoint_left d₁ ainv₁, not_mem_perm p₂ nainv₂) (λ d₂ a (ainv₁ : a ∈ elt_of v₁), have ainw₁ : a ∈ elt_of w₁, from mem_perm p₁ ainv₁, have nainw₂ : a ∉ elt_of w₂, from disjoint_left d₂ ainw₁, not_mem_perm (perm.symm p₂) nainw₂))) theorem disjoint.elim {s₁ s₂ : finset A} {x : A} : disjoint s₁ s₂ → x ∈ s₁ → x ∈ s₂ → false := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (take u₁ u₂, assume H H1 H2, H x H1 H2) theorem disjoint.intro {s₁ s₂ : finset A} : (∀{x : A}, x ∈ s₁ → x ∈ s₂ → false) → disjoint s₁ s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (take u₁ u₂, assume H, H) theorem inter_eq_empty_of_disjoint [h : decidable_eq A] {s₁ s₂ : finset A} (H : disjoint s₁ s₂) : s₁ ∩ s₂ = ∅ := ext (take x, iff_false_intro (assume H1, disjoint.elim H (mem_of_mem_inter_left H1) (mem_of_mem_inter_right H1))) theorem disjoint_of_inter_eq_empty [h : decidable_eq A] {s₁ s₂ : finset A} (H : s₁ ∩ s₂ = ∅) : disjoint s₁ s₂ := disjoint.intro (take x H1 H2, have H3 : x ∈ s₁ ∩ s₂, from mem_inter H1 H2, !not_mem_empty (eq.subst H H3)) theorem disjoint.comm {s₁ s₂ : finset A} : disjoint s₁ s₂ → disjoint s₂ s₁ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ d, list.disjoint.comm d) theorem inter_eq_empty [h : decidable_eq A] {s₁ s₂ : finset A} (H : ∀x : A, x ∈ s₁ → x ∈ s₂ → false) : s₁ ∩ s₂ = ∅ := inter_eq_empty_of_disjoint (disjoint.intro H) /- subset -/ definition subset (s₁ s₂ : finset A) : Prop := quot.lift_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂, sublist (elt_of l₁) (elt_of l₂)) (λ v₁ v₂ w₁ w₂ p₁ p₂, propext (iff.intro (λ s₁ a i, mem_perm p₂ (s₁ a (mem_perm (perm.symm p₁) i))) (λ s₂ a i, mem_perm (perm.symm p₂) (s₂ a (mem_perm p₁ i))))) infix `⊆`:50 := subset theorem empty_subset (s : finset A) : ∅ ⊆ s := quot.induction_on s (λ l, list.nil_sub (elt_of l)) theorem subset_univ [h : fintype A] (s : finset A) : s ⊆ univ := quot.induction_on s (λ l a i, fintype.complete a) theorem subset.refl (s : finset A) : s ⊆ s := quot.induction_on s (λ l, list.sub.refl (elt_of l)) theorem subset.trans {s₁ s₂ s₃ : finset A} : s₁ ⊆ s₂ → s₂ ⊆ s₃ → s₁ ⊆ s₃ := quot.induction_on₃ s₁ s₂ s₃ (λ l₁ l₂ l₃ h₁ h₂, list.sub.trans h₁ h₂) theorem mem_of_subset_of_mem {s₁ s₂ : finset A} {a : A} : s₁ ⊆ s₂ → a ∈ s₁ → a ∈ s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ h₁ h₂, h₁ a h₂) theorem subset_of_forall {s₁ s₂ : finset A} : (∀x, x ∈ s₁ → x ∈ s₂) → s₁ ⊆ s₂ := quot.induction_on₂ s₁ s₂ (λ l₁ l₂ H, H) theorem subset_insert [h : decidable_eq A] (s : finset A) (a : A) : s ⊆ insert a s := subset_of_forall (take x, assume H : x ∈ s, mem_insert_of_mem _ H) theorem eq_of_subset_of_subset {s₁ s₂ : finset A} (H₁ : s₁ ⊆ s₂) (H₂ : s₂ ⊆ s₁) : s₁ = s₂ := ext (take x, iff.intro (assume H, mem_of_subset_of_mem H₁ H) (assume H, mem_of_subset_of_mem H₂ H)) /- upto -/ section upto definition upto (n : nat) : finset nat := to_finset_of_nodup (list.upto n) (nodup_upto n) theorem card_upto : ∀ n, card (upto n) = n := list.length_upto theorem lt_of_mem_upto {n a : nat} : a ∈ upto n → a < n := list.lt_of_mem_upto theorem mem_upto_succ_of_mem_upto {n a : nat} : a ∈ upto n → a ∈ upto (succ n) := list.mem_upto_succ_of_mem_upto theorem mem_upto_of_lt {n a : nat} : a < n → a ∈ upto n := list.mem_upto_of_lt theorem mem_upto_iff (a n : nat) : a ∈ upto n ↔ a < n := iff.intro lt_of_mem_upto mem_upto_of_lt theorem mem_upto_eq (a n : nat) : a ∈ upto n = (a < n) := propext !mem_upto_iff end upto /- useful rules for calculations with quantifiers -/ theorem exists_mem_empty_iff {A : Type} (P : A → Prop) : (∃ x, x ∈ ∅ ∧ P x) ↔ false := iff.intro (assume H, obtain x (H1 : x ∈ ∅ ∧ P x), from H, !not_mem_empty (and.left H1)) (assume H, false.elim H) theorem exists_mem_empty_eq {A : Type} (P : A → Prop) : (∃ x, x ∈ ∅ ∧ P x) = false := propext !exists_mem_empty_iff theorem exists_mem_insert_iff {A : Type} [d : decidable_eq A] (a : A) (s : finset A) (P : A → Prop) : (∃ x, x ∈ insert a s ∧ P x) ↔ P a ∨ (∃ x, x ∈ s ∧ P x) := iff.intro (assume H, obtain x [H1 H2], from H, or.elim (eq_or_mem_of_mem_insert H1) (assume H3 : x = a, or.inl (eq.subst H3 H2)) (assume H3 : x ∈ s, or.inr (exists.intro x (and.intro H3 H2)))) (assume H, or.elim H (assume H1 : P a, exists.intro a (and.intro !mem_insert H1)) (assume H1 : ∃ x, x ∈ s ∧ P x, obtain x [H2 H3], from H1, exists.intro x (and.intro (!mem_insert_of_mem H2) H3))) theorem exists_mem_insert_eq {A : Type} [d : decidable_eq A] (a : A) (s : finset A) (P : A → Prop) : (∃ x, x ∈ insert a s ∧ P x) = (P a ∨ (∃ x, x ∈ s ∧ P x)) := propext !exists_mem_insert_iff theorem forall_mem_empty_iff {A : Type} (P : A → Prop) : (∀ x, x ∈ ∅ → P x) ↔ true := iff.intro (assume H, trivial) (assume H, take x, assume H', absurd H' !not_mem_empty) theorem forall_mem_empty_eq {A : Type} (P : A → Prop) : (∀ x, x ∈ ∅ → P x) = true := propext !forall_mem_empty_iff theorem forall_mem_insert_iff {A : Type} [d : decidable_eq A] (a : A) (s : finset A) (P : A → Prop) : (∀ x, x ∈ insert a s → P x) ↔ P a ∧ (∀ x, x ∈ s → P x) := iff.intro (assume H, and.intro (H _ !mem_insert) (take x, assume H', H _ (!mem_insert_of_mem H'))) (assume H, take x, assume H' : x ∈ insert a s, or.elim (eq_or_mem_of_mem_insert H') (assume H1 : x = a, eq.subst (eq.symm H1) (and.left H)) (assume H1 : x ∈ s, and.right H _ H1)) theorem forall_mem_insert_eq {A : Type} [d : decidable_eq A] (a : A) (s : finset A) (P : A → Prop) : (∀ x, x ∈ insert a s → P x) = (P a ∧ (∀ x, x ∈ s → P x)) := propext !forall_mem_insert_iff end finset abbreviation finset := finset.finset