171 lines
7.2 KiB
Text
171 lines
7.2 KiB
Text
/-
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Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
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Author: Leonardo de Moura
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Define propositional calculus, valuation, provability, validity, prove soundness.
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This file is based on Floris van Doorn Coq files.
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Similar to soundness.lean, but defines Nc in Type.
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The idea is to be able to prove soundness using recursive equations.
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-/
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import data.nat data.list
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open nat bool list decidable
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definition PropVar [reducible] := nat
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inductive PropF :=
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| Var : PropVar → PropF
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| Bot : PropF
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| Conj : PropF → PropF → PropF
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| Disj : PropF → PropF → PropF
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| Impl : PropF → PropF → PropF
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namespace PropF
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notation `#`:max P:max := Var P
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notation A ∨ B := Disj A B
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notation A ∧ B := Conj A B
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infixr `⇒`:27 := Impl
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notation `⊥` := Bot
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definition Neg A := A ⇒ ⊥
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notation ~ A := Neg A
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definition Top := ~⊥
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notation `⊤` := Top
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definition BiImpl A B := A ⇒ B ∧ B ⇒ A
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infixr `⇔`:27 := BiImpl
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definition valuation := PropVar → bool
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definition TrueQ (v : valuation) : PropF → bool
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| TrueQ (# P) := v P
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| TrueQ ⊥ := ff
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| TrueQ (A ∨ B) := TrueQ A || TrueQ B
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| TrueQ (A ∧ B) := TrueQ A && TrueQ B
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| TrueQ (A ⇒ B) := bnot (TrueQ A) || TrueQ B
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definition is_true [reducible] (b : bool) := b = tt
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-- the valuation v satisfies a list of PropF, if forall (A : PropF) in Γ,
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-- (TrueQ v A) is tt (the Boolean true)
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definition Satisfies v Γ := ∀ A, A ∈ Γ → is_true (TrueQ v A)
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definition Models Γ A := ∀ v, Satisfies v Γ → is_true (TrueQ v A)
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infix `⊨`:80 := Models
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definition Valid p := [] ⊨ p
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reserve infix `⊢`:26
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/- Provability -/
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inductive Nc : list PropF → PropF → Type :=
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infix ⊢ := Nc
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| Nax : ∀ Γ A, A ∈ Γ → Γ ⊢ A
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| ImpI : ∀ Γ A B, A::Γ ⊢ B → Γ ⊢ A ⇒ B
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| ImpE : ∀ Γ A B, Γ ⊢ A ⇒ B → Γ ⊢ A → Γ ⊢ B
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| BotC : ∀ Γ A, (~A)::Γ ⊢ ⊥ → Γ ⊢ A
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| AndI : ∀ Γ A B, Γ ⊢ A → Γ ⊢ B → Γ ⊢ A ∧ B
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| AndE₁ : ∀ Γ A B, Γ ⊢ A ∧ B → Γ ⊢ A
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| AndE₂ : ∀ Γ A B, Γ ⊢ A ∧ B → Γ ⊢ B
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| OrI₁ : ∀ Γ A B, Γ ⊢ A → Γ ⊢ A ∨ B
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| OrI₂ : ∀ Γ A B, Γ ⊢ B → Γ ⊢ A ∨ B
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| OrE : ∀ Γ A B C, Γ ⊢ A ∨ B → A::Γ ⊢ C → B::Γ ⊢ C → Γ ⊢ C
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infix ⊢ := Nc
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definition Provable A := [] ⊢ A
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definition Prop_Soundness := ∀ A, Provable A → Valid A
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definition Prop_Completeness := ∀ A, Valid A → Provable A
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open Nc
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-- Remark ⌞t⌟ indicates we should not pattern match on t.
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-- In the following lemma, we only need to pattern match on Γ ⊢ A,
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-- by pattern matching on A, we would be creating 10*6 cases instead of 10.
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lemma weakening2 : ∀ {Γ A Δ}, Γ ⊢ A → Γ ⊆ Δ → Δ ⊢ A
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| Γ ⌞A⌟ Δ (Nax Γ A Hin) Hs := by constructor; exact Hs Hin
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| Γ ⌞A ⇒ B⌟ Δ (ImpI Γ A B H) Hs := by constructor; exact weakening2 H (cons_sub_cons A Hs)
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| Γ ⌞B⌟ Δ (ImpE Γ A B H₁ H₂) Hs := by constructor; exact weakening2 H₁ Hs; exact weakening2 H₂ Hs
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| Γ ⌞A⌟ Δ (BotC Γ A H) Hs := by constructor; exact weakening2 H (cons_sub_cons (~A) Hs)
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| Γ ⌞A ∧ B⌟ Δ (AndI Γ A B H₁ H₂) Hs := by constructor; exact weakening2 H₁ Hs; exact weakening2 H₂ Hs
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| Γ ⌞A⌟ Δ (AndE₁ Γ A B H) Hs := by constructor; exact weakening2 H Hs
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| Γ ⌞B⌟ Δ (AndE₂ Γ A B H) Hs := by constructor; exact weakening2 H Hs
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| Γ ⌞A ∨ B⌟ Δ (OrI₁ Γ A B H) Hs := by constructor; exact weakening2 H Hs
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| Γ ⌞A ∨ B⌟ Δ (OrI₂ Γ A B H) Hs := by constructor; exact weakening2 H Hs
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| Γ ⌞C⌟ Δ (OrE Γ A B C H₁ H₂ H₃) Hs :=
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by constructor; exact weakening2 H₁ Hs; exact weakening2 H₂ (cons_sub_cons A Hs); exact weakening2 H₃ (cons_sub_cons B Hs)
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lemma weakening : ∀ Γ Δ A, Γ ⊢ A → Γ++Δ ⊢ A :=
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λ Γ Δ A H, weakening2 H (sub_append_left Γ Δ)
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lemma deduction : ∀ Γ A B, Γ ⊢ A ⇒ B → A::Γ ⊢ B :=
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λ Γ A B H, by constructor; exact weakening2 H (sub_cons A Γ); constructor; exact mem_cons A Γ
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lemma prov_impl : ∀ A B, Provable (A ⇒ B) → ∀ Γ, Γ ⊢ A → Γ ⊢ B :=
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λ A B Hp Γ Ha,
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assert wHp : Γ ⊢ (A ⇒ B), from !weakening Hp,
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by constructor; eassumption; eassumption
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lemma Satisfies_cons : ∀ {A Γ v}, Satisfies v Γ → is_true (TrueQ v A) → Satisfies v (A::Γ) :=
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λ A Γ v s t B BinAG,
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or.elim BinAG
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(λ e : B = A, by rewrite e; exact t)
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(λ i : B ∈ Γ, s _ i)
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theorem Soundness_general {v : valuation} : ∀ {A Γ}, Γ ⊢ A → Satisfies v Γ → is_true (TrueQ v A)
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| ⌞A⌟ Γ (Nax Γ A Hin) s := s _ Hin
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| ⌞A ⇒ B⌟ Γ (ImpI Γ A B H) s :=
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by_cases
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(λ t : is_true (TrueQ v A),
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have aux₁ : Satisfies v (A::Γ), from Satisfies_cons s t,
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have aux₂ : is_true (TrueQ v B), from Soundness_general H aux₁,
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bor_inr aux₂)
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(λ f : ¬ is_true (TrueQ v A),
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have aux : bnot (TrueQ v A) = tt, by rewrite (eq_ff_of_ne_tt f),
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bor_inl aux)
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| ⌞B⌟ Γ (ImpE Γ A B H₁ H₂) s :=
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assert aux₁ : bnot (TrueQ v A) || TrueQ v B = tt, from Soundness_general H₁ s,
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assert aux₂ : TrueQ v A = tt, from Soundness_general H₂ s,
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by rewrite [aux₂ at aux₁, bnot_true at aux₁, ff_bor at aux₁]; exact aux₁
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| ⌞A⌟ Γ (BotC Γ A H) s := by_contradiction
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(λ n : TrueQ v A ≠ tt,
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assert aux₁ : TrueQ v A = ff, from eq_ff_of_ne_tt n,
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assert aux₂ : TrueQ v (~A) = tt, begin change (bnot (TrueQ v A) || ff = tt), rewrite aux₁ end,
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have aux₃ : Satisfies v ((~A)::Γ), from Satisfies_cons s aux₂,
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have aux₄ : TrueQ v ⊥ = tt, from Soundness_general H aux₃,
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absurd aux₄ ff_ne_tt)
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| ⌞A ∧ B⌟ Γ (AndI Γ A B H₁ H₂) s :=
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have aux₁ : TrueQ v A = tt, from Soundness_general H₁ s,
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have aux₂ : TrueQ v B = tt, from Soundness_general H₂ s,
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band_intro aux₁ aux₂
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| ⌞A⌟ Γ (AndE₁ Γ A B H) s :=
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have aux : TrueQ v (A ∧ B) = tt, from Soundness_general H s,
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band_elim_left aux
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| ⌞B⌟ Γ (AndE₂ Γ A B H) s :=
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have aux : TrueQ v (A ∧ B) = tt, from Soundness_general H s,
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band_elim_right aux
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| ⌞A ∨ B⌟ Γ (OrI₁ Γ A B H) s :=
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have aux : TrueQ v A = tt, from Soundness_general H s,
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bor_inl aux
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| ⌞A ∨ B⌟ Γ (OrI₂ Γ A B H) s :=
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have aux : TrueQ v B = tt, from Soundness_general H s,
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bor_inr aux
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| ⌞C⌟ Γ (OrE Γ A B C H₁ H₂ H₃) s :=
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have aux : TrueQ v A || TrueQ v B = tt, from Soundness_general H₁ s,
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or.elim (or_of_bor_eq aux)
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(λ At : TrueQ v A = tt,
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have aux : Satisfies v (A::Γ), from Satisfies_cons s At,
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Soundness_general H₂ aux)
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(λ Bt : TrueQ v B = tt,
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have aux : Satisfies v (B::Γ), from Satisfies_cons s Bt,
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Soundness_general H₃ aux)
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theorem Soundness : Prop_Soundness :=
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λ A H v s, Soundness_general H s
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end PropF
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