diff --git a/imap/src/proto/mod.rs b/imap/src/proto/mod.rs
index 71054e1..5f629da 100644
--- a/imap/src/proto/mod.rs
+++ b/imap/src/proto/mod.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ pub mod command;
 pub mod response;
 
 // parsers
+#[macro_use]
 pub mod parsers;
 pub mod rfc2234;
 pub mod rfc3501;
diff --git a/imap/src/proto/parsers.rs b/imap/src/proto/parsers.rs
index afeef71..4ef6211 100644
--- a/imap/src/proto/parsers.rs
+++ b/imap/src/proto/parsers.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,34 @@
 use std::ops::RangeFrom;
 
 use nom::{
-    error::{ErrorKind, ParseError},
+    error::{Error, ErrorKind, ParseError},
     Err, IResult, InputIter, Needed, Parser, Slice,
 };
 
-pub fn skip<E, F, I: Clone, O>(mut f: F) -> impl FnMut(I) -> IResult<I, (), E>
+macro_rules! sep_list {
+    ($t:expr) => {
+        map(pair($t, many0(preceded(crate::proto::rfc2234::SP, $t))),
+            |(hd, mut tl)| { tl.insert(0, hd); tl })
+    };
+    ($t:expr, $d:expr) => {
+        map(pair($t, many0(preceded($d, $t))),
+            |(hd, mut tl)| { tl.insert(0, hd); tl })
+    };
+    (? $t:expr) => {
+        map(opt(pair($t, many0(preceded(crate::proto::rfc2234::SP, $t)))),
+            |opt| opt.map(|(hd, mut tl)| { tl.insert(0, hd); tl }).unwrap_or_else(Vec::new))
+    };
+    (? $t:expr, $d:expr) => {
+        map(opt(pair($t, many0(preceded($d, $t)))),
+            |opt| opt.map(|(hd, mut tl)| { tl.insert(0, hd); tl }).unwrap_or_else(Vec::new))
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn never<I, O>(i: I) -> IResult<I, O> { Err(Err::Error(Error::new(i, ErrorKind::Not))) }
+
+pub fn skip<E, F, I, O>(mut f: F) -> impl FnMut(I) -> IResult<I, (), E>
 where
+I: Clone,
     F: Parser<I, O, E>,
 {
     move |i: I| match f.parse(i.clone()) {
diff --git a/imap/src/proto/response.rs b/imap/src/proto/response.rs
index 66b9904..69130c7 100644
--- a/imap/src/proto/response.rs
+++ b/imap/src/proto/response.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,43 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
+pub type Atom<'a> = Cow<'a, [u8]>;
+pub type CowU8<'a> = Cow<'a, [u8]>;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct Tag(pub String);
+pub struct Tag<'a>(pub CowU8<'a>);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum Response<'a> {
+    Capabilities(Vec<Capability<'a>>),
+    Continue(ResponseText<'a>),
+    Condition(Condition<'a>),
     Done(ResponseDone<'a>),
+    MailboxData(MailboxData<'a>),
+    Fetch(u32, Vec<MessageAttribute<'a>>),
+    Expunge(u32),
+    Fatal(Condition<'a>),
+    Tagged(Tag<'a>, Condition<'a>),
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ResponseText<'a> {
+    pub code: Option<ResponseCode<'a>>,
+    pub info: CowU8<'a>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum MessageAttribute<'a> {
+    Flags(Vec<Flag<'a>>),
+    Envelope(Envelope),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Envelope {}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ResponseDone<'a> {
-    pub tag: Tag,
+    pub tag: Tag<'a>,
     pub status: Status,
     pub code: Option<ResponseCode<'a>>,
     pub info: Option<Cow<'a, str>>,
@@ -21,7 +47,7 @@ pub struct ResponseDone<'a> {
 pub struct Condition<'a> {
     pub status: Status,
     pub code: Option<ResponseCode<'a>>,
-    pub text: String,
+    pub info: CowU8<'a>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -43,6 +69,46 @@ pub enum ResponseCode<'a> {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Capability<'a> {
     Imap4rev1,
-    Auth(Cow<'a, [u8]>),
-    Atom(Cow<'a, [u8]>),
+    Auth(Atom<'a>),
+    Atom(Atom<'a>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum MailboxData<'a> {
+    Flags(Vec<Flag<'a>>),
+    List(MailboxList<'a>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Mailbox<'a> {
+    Inbox,
+    Name(CowU8<'a>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Flag<'a> {
+    Answered,
+    Flagged,
+    Deleted,
+    Seen,
+    Draft,
+    Recent,
+    Keyword(Atom<'a>),
+    Extension(Atom<'a>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MailboxList<'a> {
+    pub flags: Vec<MailboxListFlag<'a>>,
+    pub delimiter: Option<u8>,
+    pub mailbox: Mailbox<'a>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum MailboxListFlag<'a> {
+    NoInferiors,
+    NoSelect,
+    Marked,
+    Unmarked,
+    Extension(Atom<'a>),
 }
diff --git a/imap/src/proto/rfc2234.rs b/imap/src/proto/rfc2234.rs
index e1eceee..9f9c26b 100644
--- a/imap/src/proto/rfc2234.rs
+++ b/imap/src/proto/rfc2234.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ rule!(pub CRLF : (u8, u8) => pair(CR, LF));
 pub fn is_ctl(c: u8) -> bool { c <= b'\x1f' || c == b'\x7f' }
 rule!(pub CTL : u8 => satisfy(is_ctl));
 
-rule!(pub DIGIT : u8 => satisfy(|c| c >= b'\x30' && c <= b'\x39'));
+pub fn is_digit(c: u8) -> bool { c >= b'\x30' && c <= b'\x39' }
+rule!(pub DIGIT : u8 => satisfy(is_digit));
 
 pub(crate) fn is_dquote(c: u8) -> bool { c == b'\x22' }
 rule!(pub DQUOTE : u8 => satisfy(is_dquote));
diff --git a/imap/src/proto/rfc3501.rs b/imap/src/proto/rfc3501.rs
index ef5f0bb..19b0ed6 100644
--- a/imap/src/proto/rfc3501.rs
+++ b/imap/src/proto/rfc3501.rs
@@ -6,27 +6,28 @@ use nom::{
     branch::alt,
     bytes::streaming::{tag_no_case, take, take_while1},
     character::streaming::char,
-    combinator::{map, map_res},
-    multi::{many0, many1},
-    sequence::{delimited, pair, preceded, separated_pair, terminated},
+    combinator::{map, verify, map_res, opt},
+    multi::{many0},
+    sequence::{delimited, pair, tuple, preceded, separated_pair, terminated},
     IResult,
 };
 
-use super::parsers::{byte, satisfy};
-use super::response::{Capability, ResponseCode};
-use super::rfc2234::{is_char, is_cr, is_ctl, is_dquote, is_lf, is_sp, CRLF, DIGIT, DQUOTE, SP};
+use super::parsers::{byte, never, satisfy};
+use super::response::{
+    Atom, Capability, Condition, CowU8, Flag, Mailbox, MailboxData, MailboxList, MailboxListFlag,
+    Response, ResponseCode, Status, Tag, MessageAttribute, Envelope, ResponseText,
+};
+use super::rfc2234::{is_char, is_cr, is_ctl, is_digit, is_dquote, is_lf, is_sp, CRLF, DQUOTE, SP};
 
-rule!(pub astring : Vec<u8> => alt((many1(ASTRING_CHAR), string)));
+rule!(pub astring : CowU8 => alt((map(take_while1(is_astring_char), Cow::from), string)));
 
+pub(crate) fn is_astring_char(c: u8) -> bool { is_atom_char(c) || is_resp_specials(c) }
 rule!(pub ASTRING_CHAR : u8 => alt((ATOM_CHAR, resp_specials)));
 
-rule!(pub atom : Vec<u8> => many1(ATOM_CHAR));
+rule!(pub atom : CowU8 => map(take_while1(is_atom_char), Cow::from));
 
-// TODO: somehow incorporate CHAR in here?
-// technically ATOM_CHAR is defined as <any CHAR except atom-specials>
-// but "except"-style rules don't really make sense except for character sets
-// and some other niche cases so probably doesn't warrant a separate combinator
-rule!(pub ATOM_CHAR : u8 => satisfy(pred!((is_char) && (!is_atom_specials))));
+pub(crate) fn is_atom_char(c: u8) -> bool { is_char(c) && !is_atom_specials(c) }
+rule!(pub ATOM_CHAR : u8 => satisfy(is_atom_char));
 
 pub(crate) fn is_atom_specials(c: u8) -> bool {
     c == b'('
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ pub(crate) fn is_atom_specials(c: u8) -> bool {
 }
 rule!(pub atom_specials : u8 => satisfy(is_atom_specials));
 
-rule!(pub auth_type : Vec<u8> => atom);
+rule!(pub auth_type : Atom => atom);
 
 rule!(pub capability : Capability => alt((
     map(preceded(tag_no_case("AUTH="), auth_type), |s| Capability::Auth(Cow::from(s))),
@@ -55,6 +56,28 @@ rule!(pub capability_data : Vec<Capability> => preceded(tag_no_case("CAPABILITY"
     ), |(mut a, b)| { a.extend(b); a })
 }));
 
+rule!(pub continue_req : Response => delimited(pair(byte(b'+'), SP),
+    // TODO: handle base64 case?
+    map(resp_text, Response::Continue),
+CRLF));
+
+rule!(pub envelope : Envelope => map(byte(b'('), |_| Envelope {}));
+
+rule!(pub flag : Flag => alt((
+    map(tag_no_case("\\Answered"), |_| Flag::Answered),
+    map(tag_no_case("\\Flagged"), |_| Flag::Flagged),
+    map(tag_no_case("\\Deleted"), |_| Flag::Deleted),
+    map(tag_no_case("\\Seen"), |_| Flag::Seen),
+    map(tag_no_case("\\Draft"), |_| Flag::Draft),
+    map(flag_extension, Flag::Extension),
+)));
+
+rule!(pub flag_extension : Atom => preceded(byte(b'\\'), atom));
+
+rule!(pub flag_fetch : Flag => alt((flag, map(tag_no_case("\\Recent"), |_| Flag::Recent))));
+
+rule!(pub flag_list : Vec<Flag> => delimited(byte(b'('), sep_list!(?flag), byte(b')')));
+
 pub(crate) fn is_list_wildcards(c: u8) -> bool { c == b'%' || c == b'*' }
 rule!(pub list_wildcards : u8 => satisfy(is_list_wildcards));
 
@@ -63,32 +86,96 @@ rule!(pub list_wildcards : u8 => satisfy(is_list_wildcards));
 // TODO: Future work, could possibly initialize writing to file if the length is
 // determined to exceed a certain threshold so we don't have insane amounts of
 // data in memory
-pub fn literal(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], Vec<u8>> {
+pub fn literal(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], CowU8> {
     let mut length_of = terminated(delimited(char('{'), number, char('}')), CRLF);
     let (i, length) = length_of(i)?;
     println!("length is: {:?}", (i, length));
-    map(take(length), |s: &[u8]| s.to_vec())(i)
+    map(take(length), Cow::from)(i)
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_literal() {
     assert_eq!(
-        literal(b"{13}\r\nHello, world!").unwrap().1,
+        literal(b"{13}\r\nHello, world!").unwrap().1.as_ref(),
         b"Hello, world!"
     );
 }
 
+rule!(pub mailbox : Mailbox => alt((
+    map(tag_no_case("INBOX"), |_| Mailbox::Inbox),
+    map(astring, Mailbox::Name),
+)));
+
+rule!(pub mailbox_data : MailboxData => alt((
+    map(preceded(pair(tag_no_case("FLAGS"), SP), flag_list), MailboxData::Flags),
+    map(preceded(pair(tag_no_case("LIST"), SP), mailbox_list), MailboxData::List),
+)));
+
+rule!(pub mailbox_list : MailboxList => map(separated_pair(
+    delimited(byte(b'('), map(opt(mbx_list_flags), |opt| opt.unwrap_or_else(Vec::new)), byte(b')')),
+    SP, separated_pair(
+        alt((
+            map(delimited(DQUOTE, QUOTED_CHAR, DQUOTE), Some),
+            map(nil, |_| None),
+        )),
+        SP, mailbox,
+    ),
+), |(flags, (delimiter, mailbox))| MailboxList { flags, delimiter, mailbox }));
+
+rule!(pub mbx_list_flags : Vec<MailboxListFlag> => alt((
+    map(tuple((
+        many0(terminated(mbx_list_oflag, SP)),
+        mbx_list_sflag,
+        many0(preceded(SP, mbx_list_oflag)),
+    )), |(mut a, b, c)| { a.push(b); a.extend(c); a }),
+    sep_list!(mbx_list_oflag),
+)));
+
+rule!(pub mbx_list_oflag : MailboxListFlag => alt((
+    map(tag_no_case("\\Noinferiors"), |_| MailboxListFlag::NoInferiors),
+    map(flag_extension, MailboxListFlag::Extension),
+)));
+
+rule!(pub mbx_list_sflag : MailboxListFlag => alt((
+    map(tag_no_case("\\NoSelect"), |_| MailboxListFlag::NoSelect),
+    map(tag_no_case("\\Marked"), |_| MailboxListFlag::Marked),
+    map(tag_no_case("\\Unmarked"), |_| MailboxListFlag::Unmarked),
+)));
+
+rule!(pub message_data : Response => alt((
+    map(terminated(nz_number, pair(SP, tag_no_case("EXPUNGE"))), Response::Expunge),
+    map(separated_pair(nz_number, SP, preceded(pair(tag_no_case("FETCH"), SP), msg_att)),
+        |(n, attrs)| Response::Fetch(n, attrs)),
+)));
+
+rule!(pub msg_att : Vec<MessageAttribute> => delimited(byte(b'('),
+    sep_list!(alt((msg_att_dynamic, msg_att_static))),
+byte(b')')));
+
+rule!(pub msg_att_dynamic : MessageAttribute => alt((
+    map(preceded(pair(tag_no_case("FLAGS"), SP),
+        delimited(byte(b'('), sep_list!(?flag_fetch), byte(b')'))), MessageAttribute::Flags),
+    never,
+)));
+
+rule!(pub msg_att_static : MessageAttribute => alt((
+    map(preceded(pair(tag_no_case("ENVELOPE"), SP), envelope), MessageAttribute::Envelope),
+    map(preceded(pair(tag_no_case("ENVELOPE"), SP), envelope), MessageAttribute::Envelope),
+)));
+
 rule!(pub nil : &[u8] => tag_no_case("NIL"));
 
-rule!(pub nstring : Option<Vec<u8>> => alt((map(string, Some), map(nil, |_| None))));
+rule!(pub nstring : Option<CowU8> => alt((map(string, Some), map(nil, |_| None))));
 
 pub(crate) fn number(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u32> {
-    map_res(map_res(many1(DIGIT), String::from_utf8), |s| {
+    map_res(map_res(take_while1(is_digit), std::str::from_utf8), |s| {
         s.parse::<u32>()
     })(i)
 }
 
-rule!(pub quoted : Vec<u8> => delimited(DQUOTE, many0(QUOTED_CHAR), DQUOTE));
+rule!(pub nz_number : u32 => verify(number, |n| *n != 0));
+
+rule!(pub quoted : CowU8 => delimited(DQUOTE, map(take_while1(is_quoted_char), Cow::from), DQUOTE));
 
 fn is_quoted_char(c: u8) -> bool { is_char(c) && !is_quoted_specials(c) }
 rule!(pub QUOTED_CHAR : u8 => alt((satisfy(is_quoted_char), preceded(byte(b'\\'), quoted_specials))));
@@ -96,17 +183,60 @@ rule!(pub QUOTED_CHAR : u8 => alt((satisfy(is_quoted_char), preceded(byte(b'\\')
 pub(crate) fn is_quoted_specials(c: u8) -> bool { is_dquote(c) || c == b'\\' }
 rule!(pub quoted_specials : u8 => satisfy(is_quoted_specials));
 
+// TODO: technically, this is supposed to be 
+rule!(pub response : Response => alt((continue_req, response_data, response_done)));
+
+rule!(pub response_data : Response => delimited(pair(byte(b'*'), SP), alt((
+    map(resp_cond_state, Response::Condition),
+    map(resp_cond_bye, Response::Condition),
+    map(mailbox_data, Response::MailboxData),
+    message_data,
+    map(capability_data, Response::Capabilities),
+)), CRLF));
+
+rule!(pub response_done : Response => alt((response_tagged, response_fatal)));
+
+rule!(pub response_fatal : Response => delimited(pair(byte(b'*'), SP),
+    map(resp_cond_bye, Response::Fatal), CRLF));
+
+rule!(pub response_tagged : Response => map(terminated(separated_pair(tag, SP, resp_cond_state), CRLF),
+    |(tag, cond)| Response::Tagged(tag, cond)));
+
+rule!(pub resp_cond_bye : Condition => preceded(pair(tag_no_case("BYE"), SP),
+    map(resp_text, |ResponseText { code, info }| Condition { status: Status::Bye, code, info })));
+
+rule!(pub resp_cond_state : Condition => map(
+    separated_pair(
+        alt((
+            map(tag_no_case("OK"), |_| Status::Ok),
+            map(tag_no_case("NO"), |_| Status::No),
+            map(tag_no_case("BAD"), |_| Status::Bad),
+        )),
+        SP,
+        resp_text,
+    ),
+    |(status, ResponseText { code, info })| Condition { status, code, info }
+));
+
 pub(crate) fn is_resp_specials(c: u8) -> bool { c == b']' }
 rule!(pub resp_specials : u8 => satisfy(is_resp_specials));
 
+rule!(pub resp_text : ResponseText => map(pair(
+    opt(terminated(delimited(byte(b'['), resp_text_code, byte(b']')), SP)),
+    text,
+), |(code, info)| ResponseText { code, info }));
+
 rule!(pub resp_text_code : ResponseCode => alt((
     map(tag_no_case("ALERT"), |_| ResponseCode::Alert),
     map(capability_data, ResponseCode::Capabilities),
 )));
 
-rule!(pub string : Vec<u8> => alt((quoted, literal)));
+rule!(pub string : CowU8 => alt((quoted, literal)));
 
-rule!(pub text : &[u8] => take_while1(is_text_char));
+pub(crate) fn is_tag_char(c: u8) -> bool { is_astring_char(c) && c != b'+' }
+rule!(pub tag : Tag => map(take_while1(is_tag_char), |s: &[u8]| Tag(s.into())));
+
+rule!(pub text : CowU8 => map(take_while1(is_text_char), Cow::from));
 
 pub(crate) fn is_text_char(c: u8) -> bool { is_char(c) && !is_cr(c) && !is_lf(c) }
 rule!(pub TEXT_CHAR : u8 => satisfy(is_text_char));