diff --git a/imap/src/proto/macros.rs b/imap/src/proto/macros.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..308beaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/imap/src/proto/macros.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+macro_rules! rule {
+    ($vis:vis $name:ident : $ret:ty => $expr:expr) => {
+        $vis fn $name(i: &[u8]) -> nom::IResult<&[u8], $ret> {
+            $expr(i)
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/imap/src/proto/mod.rs b/imap/src/proto/mod.rs
index 7f172d0..ceabbbf 100644
--- a/imap/src/proto/mod.rs
+++ b/imap/src/proto/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #![allow(non_snake_case, dead_code)]
 
+#[macro_use]
+mod macros;
+
 // data types
 pub mod response;
 
diff --git a/imap/src/proto/rfc2234.rs b/imap/src/proto/rfc2234.rs
index eb91c3d..4ab3de1 100644
--- a/imap/src/proto/rfc2234.rs
+++ b/imap/src/proto/rfc2234.rs
@@ -1,69 +1,37 @@
 //! Grammar from https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2234#section-6.1
 
-use nom::{branch::alt, character::streaming::anychar, multi::many0, sequence::pair, IResult};
+use nom::{branch::alt, character::streaming::anychar, multi::many0, sequence::pair};
 
 use super::parsers::{byte, satisfy, skip};
 
-pub fn ALPHA(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    satisfy(|c| (c >= b'a' && c <= b'z') || (c >= b'A' && c <= b'Z'))(i)
-}
+rule!(pub ALPHA : u8 => satisfy(|c| (c >= b'a' && c <= b'z') || (c >= b'A' && c <= b'Z')));
 
-pub fn BIT(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    satisfy(|c| c == b'0' || c == b'1')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub BIT : u8 => satisfy(|c| c == b'0' || c == b'1'));
 
-pub fn CHAR(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    satisfy(|c| c != b'\0')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub CHAR : u8 => satisfy(|c| c != b'\0'));
 
-pub fn CR(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    byte(b'\x0d')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub CR : u8 => byte(b'\x0d'));
 
-pub fn CRLF(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], (u8, u8)> {
-    pair(CR, LF)(i)
-}
+rule!(pub CRLF : (u8, u8) => pair(CR, LF));
 
-pub fn CTL(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    satisfy(|c| c <= b'\x1f' || c == b'\x7f')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub CTL : u8 => satisfy(|c| c <= b'\x1f' || c == b'\x7f'));
 
-pub fn DIGIT(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    satisfy(|c| c >= b'\x30' && c <= b'\x39')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub DIGIT : u8 => satisfy(|c| c >= b'\x30' && c <= b'\x39'));
 
-pub fn DQUOTE(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    byte(b'\x22')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub DQUOTE : u8 => byte(b'\x22'));
 
-pub fn HEXDIG(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    alt((DIGIT, satisfy(|c| c >= b'A' && c <= b'F')))(i)
-}
+rule!(pub HEXDIG : u8 => alt((DIGIT, satisfy(|c| c >= b'A' && c <= b'F'))));
 
-pub fn HTAB(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    byte(b'\x09')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub HTAB : u8 => byte(b'\x09'));
 
-pub fn LF(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    byte(b'\x0a')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub LF : u8 => byte(b'\x0a'));
 
-pub fn LWSP(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], ()> {
-    skip(many0(alt((skip(WSP), skip(pair(CRLF, WSP))))))(i)
-}
+rule!(pub LWSP : () => skip(many0(alt((skip(WSP), skip(pair(CRLF, WSP)))))));
 
-pub fn OCTET(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], char> {
-    anychar(i)
-}
+rule!(pub OCTET : char => anychar);
 
-pub fn SP(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    byte(b'\x20')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub SP : u8 => byte(b'\x20'));
 
-pub fn VCHAR(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    satisfy(|c| c >= b'\x21' && c <= b'\x7e')(i)
-}
+rule!(pub VCHAR : u8 => satisfy(|c| c >= b'\x21' && c <= b'\x7e'));
 
-pub fn WSP(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
-    alt((SP, HTAB))(i)
-}
+rule!(pub WSP : u8 => alt((SP, HTAB)));
diff --git a/imap/src/proto/rfc3501.rs b/imap/src/proto/rfc3501.rs
index 5237f42..8191e4e 100644
--- a/imap/src/proto/rfc3501.rs
+++ b/imap/src/proto/rfc3501.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,17 @@ use nom::{
 };
 
 use super::rfc2234::{CRLF, DIGIT, DQUOTE};
+use super::parsers::byte;
+
+rule!(pub astring : Vec<u8> => alt((many1(ASTRING_CHAR), string)));
+
+rule!(pub ASTRING_CHAR : u8 => alt((ATOM_CHAR, resp_specials)));
+
+rule!(pub atom : Vec<u8> => many1(ATOM_CHAR));
+
+pub fn ATOM_CHAR(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
+    todo!()
+}
 
 /// literal = "{" number "}" CRLF *CHAR8
 ///         ; Number represents the number of CHAR8s
@@ -29,13 +40,9 @@ fn test_literal() {
     );
 }
 
-pub fn nil(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], &[u8]> {
-    tag_no_case("NIL")(i)
-}
+rule!(pub nil : &[u8] => tag_no_case("NIL"));
 
-pub fn nstring(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-    alt((map(string, Some), map(nil, |_| None)))(i)
-}
+rule!(pub nstring : Option<Vec<u8>> => alt((map(string, Some), map(nil, |_| None))));
 
 pub fn number(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u32> {
     map_res(map_res(many1(DIGIT), String::from_utf8), |s| {
@@ -43,17 +50,15 @@ pub fn number(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u32> {
     })(i)
 }
 
-pub fn quoted(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], Vec<u8>> {
-    delimited(DQUOTE, many0(QUOTED_CHAR), DQUOTE)(i)
-}
+rule!(pub quoted : Vec<u8> => delimited(DQUOTE, many0(QUOTED_CHAR), DQUOTE));
 
 pub fn QUOTED_CHAR(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
     todo!()
 }
 
-pub fn string(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], Vec<u8>> {
-    alt((quoted, literal))(i)
-}
+rule!(pub resp_specials : u8 => byte(b']'));
+
+rule!(pub string : Vec<u8> => alt((quoted, literal)));
 
 pub fn TEXT_CHAR(i: &[u8]) -> IResult<&[u8], u8> {
     todo!()