AbstractInterpretation: proved a simulation and started using it

This commit is contained in:
Adam Chlipala 2016-03-05 15:17:41 -05:00
parent d0d6b87a1d
commit e892c8dbab
2 changed files with 785 additions and 326 deletions

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@ -8,41 +8,215 @@ Require Import Frap Imp.
Set Implicit Arguments.
Module SimpleAbstractInterpreter.
Record absint := {
Typeof :> Set;
(* This [:>] notation lets us treat any [absint] as its [Typeof],
* automatically. *)
Const : nat -> Typeof;
Top : Typeof;
(* A lattice element that describes all concrete values *)
Constant : nat -> Typeof;
(* Most accurate representation of a constant *)
Add : Typeof -> Typeof -> Typeof;
Subtract : Typeof -> Typeof -> Typeof;
Multiply : Typeof -> Typeof -> Typeof;
(* Abstract versions of arithmetic operators *)
Join : Typeof -> Typeof -> Typeof;
(* Least upper bound of two elements *)
Represents : nat -> Typeof -> Prop
(* Which lattice elements represent which numbers? *)
}.
Definition absint_sound (a : absint) :=
(* [Const] gives accurate answers. *)
(forall n, a.(Represents) n (a.(Const) n))
Record absint_sound (a : absint) : Prop := {
TopSound : forall n, a.(Represents) n a.(Top);
(* [Join] really does return an upper bound. *)
/\ (forall x y n, a.(Represents) n x
-> a.(Represents) n (a.(Join) x y))
/\ (forall x y n, a.(Represents) n y
-> a.(Represents) n (a.(Join) x y)).
ConstSound : forall n, a.(Represents) n (a.(Constant) n);
AddSound : forall n na m ma, a.(Represents) n na
-> a.(Represents) m ma
-> a.(Represents) (n + m) (a.(Add) na ma);
SubtractSound: forall n na m ma, a.(Represents) n na
-> a.(Represents) m ma
-> a.(Represents) (n - m) (a.(Subtract) na ma);
MultiplySound : forall n na m ma, a.(Represents) n na
-> a.(Represents) m ma
-> a.(Represents) (n * m) (a.(Multiply) na ma);
AddMonotone : forall na na' ma ma', (forall n, a.(Represents) n na -> a.(Represents) n na')
-> (forall n, a.(Represents) n ma -> a.(Represents) n ma')
-> (forall n, a.(Represents) n (a.(Add) na ma)
-> a.(Represents) n (a.(Add) na' ma'));
SubtractMonotone : forall na na' ma ma', (forall n, a.(Represents) n na -> a.(Represents) n na')
-> (forall n, a.(Represents) n ma -> a.(Represents) n ma')
-> (forall n, a.(Represents) n (a.(Subtract) na ma)
-> a.(Represents) n (a.(Subtract) na' ma'));
MultiplyMonotone : forall na na' ma ma', (forall n, a.(Represents) n na -> a.(Represents) n na')
-> (forall n, a.(Represents) n ma -> a.(Represents) n ma')
-> (forall n, a.(Represents) n (a.(Multiply) na ma)
-> a.(Represents) n (a.(Multiply) na' ma'));
JoinSoundLeft : forall x y n, a.(Represents) n x
-> a.(Represents) n (a.(Join) x y);
JoinSoundRight : forall x y n, a.(Represents) n y
-> a.(Represents) n (a.(Join) x y)
}.
Hint Resolve TopSound ConstSound AddSound SubtractSound MultiplySound
AddMonotone SubtractMonotone MultiplyMonotone
JoinSoundLeft JoinSoundRight.
Definition astate (a : absint) := fmap var a.
Definition astates (a : absint) := fmap cmd (astate a).
Definition compatible1 a (s : astate a) (v : valuation) (c : cmd) : Prop :=
forall x n xa, v $? x = Some n
-> s $? x = Some xa
-> a.(Represents) n xa.
Fixpoint absint_interp (e : arith) a (s : astate a) : a :=
match e with
| Const n => a.(Constant) n
| Var x => match s $? x with
| None => a.(Top)
| Some xa => xa
end
| Plus e1 e2 => a.(Add) (absint_interp e1 s) (absint_interp e2 s)
| Minus e1 e2 => a.(Subtract) (absint_interp e1 s) (absint_interp e2 s)
| Times e1 e2 => a.(Multiply) (absint_interp e1 s) (absint_interp e2 s)
end.
Inductive compatible a (ss : astates a) (v : valuation) (c : cmd) : Prop :=
| Compatible : forall s,
ss $? c = Some s
-> compatible1 s v c
-> compatible ss v c.
Fixpoint absint_step a (s : astate a) (c : cmd) (wrap : cmd -> cmd) : option (astates a) :=
match c with
| Skip => None
| Assign x e => Some ($0 $+ (wrap Skip, s $+ (x, absint_interp e s)))
| Sequence c1 c2 =>
match absint_step s c1 (fun c => wrap (Sequence c c2)) with
| None => Some ($0 $+ (wrap c2, s))
| v => v
end
| If e then_ else_ => Some ($0 $+ (wrap then_, s) $+ (wrap else_, s))
| While e body => Some ($0 $+ (wrap Skip, s) $+ (wrap (Sequence body (While e body)), s))
end.
Definition compatible1 a (s : astate a) (v : valuation) : Prop :=
forall x xa, s $? x = Some xa
-> exists n, v $? x = Some n
/\ a.(Represents) n xa.
Theorem absint_interp_ok : forall a, absint_sound a
-> forall (s : astate a) v e,
compatible1 s v
-> a.(Represents) (interp e v) (absint_interp e s).
Proof.
induct e; simplify; eauto.
cases (s $? x); auto.
unfold compatible1 in H0.
apply H0 in Heq.
invert Heq.
propositional.
rewrite H2.
assumption.
Qed.
Lemma compatible1_add : forall a (s : astate a) v x na n,
compatible1 s v
-> a.(Represents) n na
-> compatible1 (s $+ (x, na)) (v $+ (x, n)).
Proof.
unfold compatible1; simplify.
cases (x ==v x0); simplify; eauto.
invert H1; eauto.
Qed.
Hint Resolve compatible1_add absint_interp_ok.
Lemma command_equal : forall c1 c2 : cmd, sumbool (c1 = c2) (c1 <> c2).
Proof.
repeat decide equality.
Qed.
Theorem absint_step_ok : forall a, absint_sound a
-> forall (s : astate a) v, compatible1 s v
-> forall c v' c', step (v, c) (v', c')
-> forall wrap, exists ss s', absint_step s c wrap = Some ss
/\ ss $? wrap c' = Some s'
/\ compatible1 s' v'.
Proof.
induct 2; simplify.
do 2 eexists; propositional.
simplify; equality.
eauto.
eapply IHstep in H0; auto.
invert H0.
invert H2.
propositional.
rewrite H2.
eauto.
do 2 eexists; propositional.
simplify; equality.
assumption.
do 2 eexists; propositional.
cases (command_equal (wrap c') (wrap else_)).
simplify; equality.
simplify; equality.
assumption.
do 2 eexists; propositional.
simplify; equality.
assumption.
do 2 eexists; propositional.
simplify; equality.
assumption.
do 2 eexists; propositional.
cases (command_equal (wrap Skip) (wrap (body;; while e loop body done))).
simplify; equality.
simplify; equality.
assumption.
Qed.
Inductive abs_step a : astate a * cmd -> astate a * cmd -> Prop :=
| AbsStep : forall s c ss s' c',
absint_step s c (fun x => x) = Some ss
-> ss $? c' = Some s'
-> abs_step (s, c) (s', c').
Hint Constructors abs_step.
Definition absint_trsys a (c : cmd) := {|
Initial := {($0, c)};
Step := abs_step (a := a)
|}.
Inductive Rabsint a : valuation * cmd -> astate a * cmd -> Prop :=
| RAbsint : forall v s c,
compatible1 s v
-> Rabsint (v, c) (s, c).
Hint Constructors abs_step Rabsint.
Theorem absint_simulates : forall a v c,
absint_sound a
-> simulates (Rabsint (a := a)) (trsys_of v c) (absint_trsys a c).
Proof.
simplify.
constructor; simplify.
exists ($0, c); propositional.
subst.
constructor.
unfold compatible1.
simplify.
equality.
invert H0.
cases st1'.
eapply absint_step_ok in H1; eauto.
invert H1.
invert H0.
propositional.
eauto.
Qed.
Definition merge_astate a : astate a -> astate a -> astate a :=
merge (fun x y =>
@ -69,18 +243,16 @@ Definition merge_astates a : astates a -> astates a -> astates a :=
Inductive oneStepClosure a : astates a -> astates a -> Prop :=
| OscNil :
oneStepClosure $0 $0
| OscCons : forall ss c s ss' ss'',
(forall v c' v', step (v, c) (v', c')
-> compatible1 s v c
-> compatible ss' v' c')
-> oneStepClosure ss ss''
-> oneStepClosure (ss $+ (c, s)) (merge_astates ss' ss'').
| OscCons : forall ss c s ss',
oneStepClosure ss ss'
-> oneStepClosure (ss $+ (c, s)) (match absint_step s c (fun x => x) with
| None => ss'
| Some ss'' => merge_astates ss'' ss'
end).
Inductive interpret a : astates a -> astates a -> Prop :=
| InterpretDone : forall ss,
(forall v c, compatible ss v c
-> forall v' c', step (v, c) (v', c')
-> compatible ss v' c')
oneStepClosure ss ss
-> interpret ss ss
| InterpretStep : forall ss ss' ss'',
@ -88,45 +260,259 @@ Inductive interpret a : astates a -> astates a -> Prop :=
-> interpret (merge_astates ss ss') ss''
-> interpret ss ss''.
Lemma interpret_sound' : forall v c a (ss ss' : astates a),
interpret ss ss'
-> ss $? c = Some $0
-> invariantFor (trsys_of v c) (fun p => compatible ss' (fst p) (snd p)).
Definition subsumed a (s1 s2 : astate a) :=
forall x, match s1 $? x with
| None => s2 $? x = None
| Some xa1 =>
forall xa2, s2 $? x = Some xa2
-> forall n, a.(Represents) n xa1
-> a.(Represents) n xa2
end.
Theorem subsumed_refl : forall a (s : astate a),
subsumed s s.
Proof.
induct 1; simplify.
unfold subsumed; simplify.
cases (s $? x); equality.
Qed.
apply invariant_induction; simplify; propositional; subst; simplify.
Hint Resolve subsumed_refl.
Definition subsumeds a (ss1 ss2 : astates a) :=
forall c s1, ss1 $? c = Some s1
-> exists s2, ss2 $? c = Some s2
/\ subsumed s1 s2.
Theorem subsumeds_refl : forall a (ss : astates a),
subsumeds ss ss.
Proof.
unfold subsumeds; simplify; eauto.
Qed.
Hint Resolve subsumeds_refl.
Lemma oneStepClosure_sound : forall a, absint_sound a
-> forall ss ss' : astates a, oneStepClosure ss ss'
-> forall c s s' c', ss $? c = Some s
-> abs_step (s, c) (s', c')
-> exists s'', ss' $? c' = Some s''
/\ subsumed s' s''.
Proof.
induct 2; simplify.
econstructor.
eassumption.
unfold compatible1.
simplify.
equality.
cases s; cases s'; simplify.
eapply H.
cases (command_equal c c0); subst; simplify.
invert H1.
invert H2.
rewrite H5.
unfold merge_astates; simplify.
rewrite H7.
cases (ss' $? c').
eexists; propositional.
unfold subsumed; simplify.
unfold merge_astate; simplify.
cases (s' $? x); try equality.
cases (a0 $? x); simplify; try equality.
invert H1; eauto.
eauto.
apply IHoneStepClosure in H2; auto.
invert H2; propositional.
cases (absint_step s c (fun x => x)); eauto.
unfold merge_astates; simplify.
rewrite H2.
cases (a0 $? c'); eauto.
eexists; propositional.
unfold subsumed; simplify.
unfold merge_astate; simplify.
specialize (H4 x0).
cases (s' $? x0).
cases (a1 $? x0); try equality.
cases (x $? x0); try equality.
invert 1.
eauto.
rewrite H4.
cases (a1 $? x0); equality.
Qed.
Lemma subsumed_add : forall a, absint_sound a
-> forall (s1 s2 : astate a) x v1 v2,
subsumed s1 s2
-> (forall n, a.(Represents) n v1 -> a.(Represents) n v2)
-> subsumed (s1 $+ (x, v1)) (s2 $+ (x, v2)).
Proof.
unfold subsumed; simplify.
cases (x ==v x0); subst; simplify; eauto.
invert H2; eauto.
specialize (H0 x0); eauto.
Qed.
Hint Resolve subsumed_add.
Lemma subsumeds_add : forall a (ss1 ss2 : astates a) c s1 s2,
subsumeds ss1 ss2
-> subsumed s1 s2
-> subsumeds (ss1 $+ (c, s1)) (ss2 $+ (c, s2)).
Proof.
unfold subsumeds; simplify.
cases (command_equal c c0); subst; simplify; eauto.
invert H1; eauto.
Qed.
Hint Resolve subsumeds_add.
Lemma subsumed_use : forall a (s s' : astate a) x n t0 t,
s $? x = Some t0
-> subsumed s s'
-> s' $? x = Some t
-> Represents a n t0
-> Represents a n t.
Proof.
unfold subsumed; simplify.
specialize (H0 x).
rewrite H in H0.
eauto.
Qed.
Lemma subsumed_use_empty : forall a (s s' : astate a) x n t0 t,
s $? x = None
-> subsumed s s'
-> s' $? x = Some t
-> Represents a n t0
-> Represents a n t.
Proof.
unfold subsumed; simplify.
specialize (H0 x).
rewrite H in H0.
equality.
Qed.
Hint Resolve subsumed_use subsumed_use_empty.
Lemma absint_interp_monotone : forall a, absint_sound a
-> forall (s : astate a) e s' n,
a.(Represents) n (absint_interp e s)
-> subsumed s s'
-> a.(Represents) n (absint_interp e s').
Proof.
induct e; simplify; eauto.
cases (s' $? x); eauto.
cases (s $? x); eauto.
Qed.
Hint Resolve absint_interp_monotone.
Lemma absint_step_monotone_None : forall a (s : astate a) c wrap,
absint_step s c wrap = None
-> forall s' : astate a, absint_step s' c wrap = None.
Proof.
induct c; simplify; try equality.
cases (absint_step s c1 (fun c => wrap (c;; c2))); equality.
Qed.
Lemma absint_step_monotone : forall a, absint_sound a
-> forall (s : astate a) c wrap ss,
absint_step s c wrap = Some ss
-> forall s', subsumed s s'
-> exists ss', absint_step s' c wrap = Some ss'
/\ subsumeds ss ss'.
Proof.
induct c; simplify.
equality.
invert H0.
eexists; propositional.
eauto.
apply subsumeds_add; eauto.
cases (absint_step s c1 (fun c => wrap (c;; c2))).
invert H0.
eapply IHc1 in Heq; eauto.
invert Heq; propositional.
rewrite H2; eauto.
invert H0.
eapply absint_step_monotone_None in Heq; eauto.
rewrite Heq; eauto.
invert H0; eauto.
invert H0; eauto.
Qed.
Lemma abs_step_monotone : forall a, absint_sound a
-> forall (s : astate a) c s' c',
abs_step (s, c) (s', c')
-> forall s1, subsumed s s1
-> exists s1', abs_step (s1, c) (s1', c')
/\ subsumed s' s1'.
Proof.
invert 2; simplify.
eapply absint_step_monotone in H4; eauto.
invert H4; propositional.
apply H3 in H6.
invert H6; propositional; eauto.
Qed.
Lemma subsumed_trans : forall a (s1 s2 s3 : astate a),
subsumed s1 s2
-> subsumed s2 s3
-> subsumed s1 s3.
Proof.
unfold subsumed; simplify.
specialize (H x); specialize (H0 x).
cases (s1 $? x); simplify.
cases (s2 $? x); eauto.
cases (s2 $? x); eauto.
equality.
Qed.
Lemma interpret_sound' : forall c a, absint_sound a
-> forall ss ss' : astates a, interpret ss ss'
-> ss $? c = Some $0
-> invariantFor (absint_trsys a c) (fun p => exists s, ss' $? snd p = Some s
/\ subsumed (fst p) s).
Proof.
induct 2; simplify.
apply invariant_induction; simplify; propositional; subst; simplify; eauto.
invert H2; propositional.
cases s.
cases s'.
simplify.
eapply abs_step_monotone in H3; eauto.
invert H3; propositional.
eapply oneStepClosure_sound in H3; eauto.
invert H3; propositional.
eexists; propositional.
eassumption.
assumption.
eauto using subsumed_trans.
apply IHinterpret.
unfold merge_astates; simplify.
rewrite H1.
rewrite H2.
cases (ss' $? c); trivial.
unfold merge_astate; simplify.
f_equal.
maps_equal.
unfold merge_astate; simplify.
trivial.
Qed.
Theorem interpret_sound : forall v c a (ss : astates a),
interpret ($0 $+ (c, $0)) ss
-> invariantFor (trsys_of v c) (fun p => compatible ss (fst p) (snd p)).
Theorem interpret_sound : forall c a (ss : astates a),
absint_sound a
-> interpret ($0 $+ (c, $0)) ss
-> invariantFor (absint_trsys a c) (fun p => exists s, ss $? snd p = Some s
/\ subsumed (fst p) s).
Proof.
simplify.
eapply interpret_sound'.
eassumption.
simplify.
trivial.
eapply interpret_sound'; eauto.
simplify; equality.
Qed.
@ -160,6 +546,14 @@ Proof.
propositional.
Qed.
Theorem odd_notEven : forall n, isOdd n -> ~isEven n.
Proof.
propositional.
invert H.
invert H0.
linear_arithmetic.
Qed.
Theorem isEven_0 : isEven 0.
Proof.
exists 0; linear_arithmetic.
@ -198,6 +592,31 @@ Fixpoint parity_const (n : nat) :=
| S n' => parity_flip (parity_const n')
end.
Definition parity_add (x y : parity) :=
match x, y with
| Even, Even => Even
| Odd, Odd => Even
| Even, Odd => Odd
| Odd, Even => Odd
| _, _ => Either
end.
Definition parity_subtract (x y : parity) :=
match x, y with
| Even, Even => Even
| _, _ => Either
end.
(* Note subtleties with [Either]s above, to deal with underflow at zero! *)
Definition parity_multiply (x y : parity) :=
match x, y with
| Even, Even => Even
| Odd, Odd => Odd
| Even, Odd => Even
| Odd, Even => Even
| _, _ => Either
end.
Definition parity_join (x y : parity) :=
match x, y with
| Even, Even => Even
@ -218,7 +637,11 @@ Inductive parity_rep : nat -> parity -> Prop :=
Hint Constructors parity_rep.
Definition parity_absint := {|
Const := parity_const;
Top := Either;
Constant := parity_const;
Add := parity_add;
Subtract := parity_subtract;
Multiply := parity_multiply;
Join := parity_join;
Represents := parity_rep
|}.
@ -234,15 +657,65 @@ Qed.
Hint Resolve parity_const_sound.
Lemma even_not_odd :
(forall n, parity_rep n Even -> parity_rep n Odd)
-> False.
Proof.
simplify.
specialize (H 0).
assert (parity_rep 0 Even) by eauto.
apply H in H0.
invert H0.
apply H1.
auto.
Qed.
Lemma odd_not_even :
(forall n, parity_rep n Odd -> parity_rep n Even)
-> False.
Proof.
simplify.
specialize (H 1).
assert (parity_rep 1 Odd) by eauto.
apply H in H0.
invert H0.
invert H1.
linear_arithmetic.
Qed.
Hint Resolve even_not_odd odd_not_even.
Theorem parity_sound : absint_sound parity_absint.
Proof.
unfold absint_sound; propositional.
simplify; eauto.
invert H; cases y; simplify; eauto.
invert H; cases x; simplify; eauto.
constructor; simplify; eauto;
repeat match goal with
| [ H : parity_rep _ _ |- _ ] => invert H
| [ H : ~isEven _ |- _ ] => apply notEven_odd in H; invert H
| [ H : isEven _ |- _ ] => invert H
| [ p : parity |- _ ] => cases p; simplify; try equality
end; try solve [ exfalso; eauto ]; try (constructor; try apply odd_notEven).
exists (x0 + x); ring.
exists (x0 + x); ring.
exists (x0 + x); ring.
exists (x0 + x + 1); ring.
exists (x - x0); linear_arithmetic.
exists (x * x0 * 2); ring.
exists ((x * 2 + 1) * x0); ring.
exists ((x * 2 + 1) * x0); ring.
exists (2 * x * x0 + x + x0); ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x; ring.
exists x0; ring.
exists x0; ring.
Qed.
Definition loopy :=
@ -253,46 +726,6 @@ Definition loopy :=
"n" <- "n" - 2
done.
Theorem compatible_skip : forall (s : astate parity_absint) v c c' m,
compatible1 s v c
-> compatible (m $+ (c', s)) v c'.
Proof.
unfold compatible1; simplify.
econstructor.
simplify; equality.
auto.
Qed.
Theorem compatible_skip2 : forall (s : astate parity_absint) v c c' m c'' s',
compatible1 s v c
-> c'' <> c'
-> compatible (m $+ (c', s) $+ (c'', s')) v c'.
Proof.
unfold compatible1; simplify.
econstructor.
simplify; equality.
auto.
Qed.
Theorem compatible_const : forall (s : astate parity_absint) v c c' x n,
compatible1 s v c
-> compatible ($0 $+ (c', s $+ (x, parity_const n))) (v $+ (x, n)) c'.
Proof.
unfold compatible1; simplify.
econstructor.
simplify; equality.
unfold compatible1.
simplify.
cases (x ==v x0); simplify.
invert H1.
invert H0.
eauto.
eapply H.
eassumption.
assumption.
Qed.
Hint Rewrite merge_empty1 merge_empty2 using solve [ eauto 1 ].
Hint Rewrite merge_empty1_alt merge_empty2_alt using congruence.
@ -367,7 +800,32 @@ Proof.
eapply invariant_weaken.
unfold easy.
eapply invariant_simulates.
apply absint_simulates with (a := parity_absint).
apply parity_sound.
apply interpret_sound.
apply parity_sound.
Ltac interpret1 := eapply InterpretStep; [ repeat (apply OscNil || apply OscCons)
| unfold merge_astates, merge_astate;
simplify; repeat simplify_map ].
interpret1.
interpret1.
interpret1.
eapply InterpretStep.
repeat (apply OscNil || apply OscCons).
simplify.
unfold merge_astates, merge_astate.
simplify.
interpret1.
simplify.
simplify_map.
Ltac interpret1 :=
eapply InterpretStep; [ (repeat (apply OscNil || eapply OscCons);

3
Map.v
View file

@ -126,7 +126,8 @@ Module Type S.
Hint Resolve includes_lookup includes_add empty_includes.
Hint Rewrite lookup_empty lookup_add_eq lookup_add_ne lookup_remove_eq lookup_remove_ne lookup_merge using congruence.
Hint Rewrite lookup_empty lookup_add_eq lookup_add_ne lookup_remove_eq lookup_remove_ne
lookup_merge using congruence.
Hint Rewrite dom_empty dom_add.