diff --git a/assignment-1b/examples/Hw1bSample2.txt b/assignment-1b/examples/Hw1bSample2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ea65ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assignment-1b/examples/Hw1bSample2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+eye 0 0 0
+viewdir 0 -0.3 -1
+updir 0 1 0
+hfov 60
+imsize 256 512
+bkgcolor 0.1 0.1 0.1
+light 0 -1 0 0 1 1 1
+mtlcolor 1 1 0 1 1 1 0.2 0.6 0.2 20
+sphere 0 -2 -3 1
+sphere 0 0 -3 0.5
diff --git a/assignment-1c/Cargo.lock b/assignment-1c/Cargo.lock
index bc1bc4f..126c06c 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/Cargo.lock
+++ b/assignment-1c/Cargo.lock
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "assignment-1b"
+name = "assignment-1c"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
diff --git a/assignment-1c/Cargo.toml b/assignment-1c/Cargo.toml
index bd9ba71..0fe39cd 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/Cargo.toml
+++ b/assignment-1c/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "assignment-1b"
+name = "assignment-1c"
 authors = ["Michael Zhang <zhan4854@umn.edu>"]
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ strip = true
 lto = true
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "raytracer1b"
+name = "raytracer1c"
 path = "src/main.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
diff --git a/assignment-1c/Makefile b/assignment-1c/Makefile
index 6355786..377d91c 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/Makefile
+++ b/assignment-1c/Makefile
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ ZIP := zip
 PANDOC := pandoc
 CONVERT := convert
 
-HANDIN := ./hw1b.michael.zhang.zip
-BINARY := ./raytracer1b
+HANDIN := ./hw1c.michael.zhang.zip
+BINARY := ./raytracer1c
 WRITEUP := ./writeup.pdf
 SHOWCASE := ./showcase.png
 SOURCES := Cargo.toml $(shell find -name "*.rs")
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ $(BINARY): $(SOURCES)
 		-e CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/usr/src/myapp/target/docker \
 		rust \
 		cargo build --profile release-handin
-	mv target/docker/release-handin/raytracer1b $@
+	mv target/docker/release-handin/raytracer1c $@
 
 $(HANDIN): $(BINARY) $(WRITEUP) Makefile Cargo.toml Cargo.lock README.md $(EXAMPLES_PNG) $(EXAMPLES_PPM) $(SHOWCASE)
 	$(ZIP) -r $@ src examples $^
diff --git a/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample1.txt b/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3411fc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+eye 0 0 0
+viewdir 0 0 -1
+updir 0 1 0
+hfov 60
+imsize 512 256
+bkgcolor 0.1 0.1 0.1
+light -2 1 0 1 1 1 1
+mtlcolor 1 0 1 1 1 1 0.1 0.4 0.4 20
+
+
+v -2 1 -5
+v -1 -1 -4
+v 1 -1 -4
+v 2 1 -6
+
+f 1 2 3
+f 1 3 4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample2.txt b/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6fcd31e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+eye 0 0 0
+viewdir 0 0 -1
+updir 0 1 0
+hfov 60
+imsize 512 256
+bkgcolor 0.1 0.1 0.1
+light -2 1 0 1 1 1 1
+mtlcolor 1 0 1 1 1 1 0.1 0.4 0.4 20
+
+
+v -2 1 -5
+v -1 -1 -4
+v 1 -1 -4
+v 2 1 -6
+
+vn -2 1 1
+vn -1 -1 1
+vn 2 1 1
+
+f 1//1 2//2 3//3
+f 1 3 4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample3.txt b/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aeb6e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assignment-1c/examples/Hw1cSample3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+eye 2 -6 1
+viewdir -1 3 -0.5
+updir 0 0 1
+hfov 50
+imsize 512 512
+bkgcolor 0.5 0.7 0.9
+light 0 1 -1 0 1 1 1
+mtlcolor 0 1 0 1 1 1 0.2 0.8 0.1 20
+texture earthtexture.ppm
+sphere 0 0 0 2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/lib.rs b/assignment-1c/src/lib.rs
index aa6a64d..7de590e 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/lib.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #![doc = include_str!("../README.md")]
 
+use nalgebra::Vector3;
+
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate anyhow;
 #[macro_use]
@@ -11,3 +13,5 @@ pub mod image;
 pub mod ray;
 pub mod scene;
 pub mod utils;
+
+pub type Point = Vector3<f64>;
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/main.rs b/assignment-1c/src/main.rs
index 8334beb..be5cf87 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/main.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/main.rs
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ use std::fs::File;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use assignment_1b::image::Image;
-use assignment_1b::ray::Ray;
-use assignment_1b::scene::Scene;
+use assignment_1c::image::Image;
+use assignment_1c::ray::Ray;
+use assignment_1c::scene::Scene;
 
 use clap::Parser;
 
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/ray.rs b/assignment-1c/src/ray.rs
index a722ddf..851e201 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/ray.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/ray.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use nalgebra::Vector3;
+use crate::Point;
 
 /// A normalized parametric Ray of the form (origin + direction * time)
 ///
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ use nalgebra::Vector3;
 /// time occurs on the ray.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Ray {
-  pub origin: Vector3<f64>,
-  pub direction: Vector3<f64>,
+  pub origin: Point,
+  pub direction: Point,
 }
 
 impl Ray {
   /// Construct a ray from endpoints
-  pub fn from_endpoints(start: Vector3<f64>, end: Vector3<f64>) -> Self {
+  pub fn from_endpoints(start: Point, end: Point) -> Self {
     let delta = (end - start).normalize();
     Ray {
       origin: start,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ impl Ray {
   }
 
   /// Evaluate the ray at a certain point in time, yielding a point
-  pub fn eval(&self, time: f64) -> Vector3<f64> {
+  pub fn eval(&self, time: f64) -> Point {
     self.origin + self.direction * time
   }
 }
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/scene/cylinder.rs b/assignment-1c/src/scene/cylinder.rs
index 18a52fb..2ce1d3f 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/scene/cylinder.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/scene/cylinder.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
-use nalgebra::Vector3;
+
 use ordered_float::NotNan;
 
-use crate::ray::Ray;
 use crate::utils::compute_rotation_matrix;
+use crate::{ray::Ray, Point};
 
-use super::{illumination::IntersectionContext};
+use super::illumination::IntersectionContext;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Cylinder {
-  pub center: Vector3<f64>,
-  pub direction: Vector3<f64>,
+  pub center: Point,
+  pub direction: Point,
   pub radius: f64,
   pub length: f64,
 }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl Cylinder {
   ) -> Result<Option<IntersectionContext>> {
     // Determine rotation matrix for turning the cylinder upright along the
     // Z-axis
-    let target_direction = Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+    let target_direction = Point::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
     let rotation_matrix =
       compute_rotation_matrix(self.direction, target_direction)?;
     let inverse_rotation_matrix =
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl Cylinder {
       }
 
       let normal_rotated =
-        Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, rotated_point.z - rotated_cylinder_center.z)
+        Point::new(0.0, 0.0, rotated_point.z - rotated_cylinder_center.z)
           .normalize();
       let normal = inverse_rotation_matrix * normal_rotated;
 
@@ -179,23 +179,21 @@ impl Cylinder {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-  use nalgebra::Vector3;
-
-  use crate::{ray::Ray};
+  use crate::{ray::Ray, Point};
 
   use super::Cylinder;
 
   #[test]
   fn test_cylinder() {
     let cylinder = Cylinder {
-      center: Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-      direction: Vector3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+      center: Point::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+      direction: Point::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
       radius: 3.0,
       length: 4.0,
     };
 
-    let eye = Vector3::new(0.0, 3.0, 3.0);
-    let end = Vector3::new(0.0, 2.0, 2.0);
+    let eye = Point::new(0.0, 3.0, 3.0);
+    let end = Point::new(0.0, 2.0, 2.0);
     let ray = Ray::from_endpoints(eye, end);
 
     let res = cylinder.intersects_ray_at(&ray);
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/scene/data.rs b/assignment-1c/src/scene/data.rs
index 45e5fdd..02aef1f 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/scene/data.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/scene/data.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use nalgebra::Vector3;
 
 use crate::image::Color;
 use crate::ray::Ray;
 use crate::utils::cross;
+use crate::Point;
 
 use super::cylinder::Cylinder;
 use super::illumination::IntersectionContext;
@@ -46,16 +46,16 @@ pub struct Object {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Rect {
-  pub upper_left: Vector3<f64>,
-  pub upper_right: Vector3<f64>,
-  pub lower_left: Vector3<f64>,
-  pub lower_right: Vector3<f64>,
+  pub upper_left: Point,
+  pub upper_right: Point,
+  pub lower_left: Point,
+  pub lower_right: Point,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Material {
-  pub diffuse_color: Vector3<f64>,
-  pub specular_color: Vector3<f64>,
+  pub diffuse_color: Point,
+  pub specular_color: Point,
 
   pub k_a: f64,
   pub k_d: f64,
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub struct Material {
 pub enum LightKind {
   /// A point light source exists at a point and emits light in all directions
   Point {
-    location: Vector3<f64>,
+    location: Point,
 
     /// Whether light attenuation is enabled for this light
     attenuation: Option<Attenuation>,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub enum LightKind {
 
   /// A directional light source exists at an infinitely far location but emits
   /// light in a specific direction
-  Directional { direction: Vector3<f64> },
+  Directional { direction: Point },
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ pub struct Light {
   pub kind: LightKind,
 
   /// The color, or intensity, of the light source
-  pub color: Vector3<f64>,
+  pub color: Point,
 }
 
 impl Light {
   /// Get the unit directional vector pointing from the given point to this
   /// light source
-  pub fn direction_from(&self, point: Vector3<f64>) -> Vector3<f64> {
+  pub fn direction_from(&self, point: Point) -> Point {
     match self.kind {
       LightKind::Point { location, .. } => location - point,
       LightKind::Directional { direction } => -direction,
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl Scene {
   pub fn pixel_translation_function(
     &self,
     distance: f64,
-  ) -> impl Fn(usize, usize) -> Vector3<f64> {
+  ) -> impl Fn(usize, usize) -> Point {
     let view_window = self.compute_viewing_window(distance);
 
     let dx = view_window.upper_right - view_window.upper_left;
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/scene/illumination.rs b/assignment-1c/src/scene/illumination.rs
index 446bf85..b9f9e01 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/scene/illumination.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/scene/illumination.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::iter;
 
-use nalgebra::Vector3;
 use ordered_float::NotNan;
 use rand::Rng;
 use rayon::prelude::{
@@ -8,7 +7,7 @@ use rayon::prelude::{
   ParallelIterator,
 };
 
-use crate::{image::Color, ray::Ray, utils::dot};
+use crate::{image::Color, ray::Ray, utils::dot, Point};
 
 use super::{
   data::{DepthCueing, Light, LightKind, Object},
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ impl Scene {
     let ambient_component = material.k_a * material.diffuse_color;
 
     // Diffuse and specular lighting for each separate light
-    let diffuse_and_specular: Vector3<f64> = self
+    let diffuse_and_specular: Point = self
       .lights
       .par_iter()
       .map(|light| {
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ impl Scene {
   pub fn compute_shadow_coefficient(
     &self,
     obj_idx: usize,
-    point: Vector3<f64>,
+    point: Point,
     light: &Light,
   ) -> f64 {
     let light_direction = light.direction_from(point);
@@ -200,8 +199,8 @@ impl Scene {
 
   fn compute_soft_shadow_coefficient(
     &self,
-    light_location: Vector3<f64>,
-    original_intersection_point: Vector3<f64>,
+    light_location: Point,
+    original_intersection_point: Point,
     object: &Object,
   ) -> f64 {
     // Soft shadows: jitter some rays here to somewhere close to the
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ impl Scene {
       let x = rng.gen_range(0.0..JITTER_RADIUS);
       let y = rng.gen_range(0.0..JITTER_RADIUS);
       let z = rng.gen_range(0.0..JITTER_RADIUS);
-      let delta = Vector3::new(x, y, z);
+      let delta = Point::new(x, y, z);
       light_location + delta
     })
     .take(JITTER_RAYS)
@@ -263,12 +262,12 @@ pub struct IntersectionContext {
 
   /// The intersection point.
   #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore", Ord = "ignore")]
-  pub point: Vector3<f64>,
+  pub point: Point,
 
   /// The normal vector protruding from the surface of the object at the
   /// intersection point
   #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore", Ord = "ignore")]
-  pub normal: Vector3<f64>,
+  pub normal: Point,
 }
 
 impl Eq for IntersectionContext {}
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/scene/input_file.rs b/assignment-1c/src/scene/input_file.rs
index c6882d2..cfd02b0 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/scene/input_file.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/scene/input_file.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 use std::{fs::File, io::Read, path::Path};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use nalgebra::Vector3;
 
-use crate::scene::{
-  cylinder::Cylinder,
-  data::{Attenuation, Light, LightKind, Material, Object},
-  sphere::Sphere,
-  Scene,
+use crate::{
+  scene::{
+    cylinder::Cylinder,
+    data::{Attenuation, Light, LightKind, Material, Object},
+    sphere::Sphere,
+    Scene,
+  },
+  Point,
 };
 
 use super::data::{DepthCueing, ObjectKind};
@@ -56,11 +58,7 @@ impl Scene {
         let read_vec3 = |start: usize| {
           ensure!(parts.len() >= start + 3, "Vec3 requires 3 components.");
 
-          Ok(Vector3::new(
-            parts[start],
-            parts[start + 1],
-            parts[start + 2],
-          ))
+          Ok(Point::new(parts[start], parts[start + 1], parts[start + 2]))
         };
 
         match keyword {
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/scene/mod.rs b/assignment-1c/src/scene/mod.rs
index cc683ab..9d70991 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/scene/mod.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/scene/mod.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ pub mod sphere;
 
 use nalgebra::Vector3;
 
-use crate::image::Color;
+use crate::{image::Color, Point};
 
-use self::data::{DepthCueing, Light, Material, Object, Attenuation};
+use self::data::{Attenuation, DepthCueing, Light, Material, Object};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Scene {
@@ -31,4 +31,6 @@ pub struct Scene {
   pub materials: Vec<Material>,
   pub lights: Vec<Light>,
   pub objects: Vec<Object>,
+
+  pub vertices: Vec<Point>,
 }
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/scene/sphere.rs b/assignment-1c/src/scene/sphere.rs
index a9bcd1d..aa24e49 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/scene/sphere.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/scene/sphere.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
-use nalgebra::Vector3;
 use ordered_float::NotNan;
 
-use crate::{ray::Ray, utils::min_f64};
+use crate::{ray::Ray, utils::min_f64, Point};
 
 use super::illumination::IntersectionContext;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Sphere {
-  pub center: Vector3<f64>,
+  pub center: Point,
   pub radius: f64,
 }
 
diff --git a/assignment-1c/src/utils.rs b/assignment-1c/src/utils.rs
index 95b1e0b..153be4d 100644
--- a/assignment-1c/src/utils.rs
+++ b/assignment-1c/src/utils.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use nalgebra::{Matrix3, Vector3};
 use ordered_float::NotNan;
 
+use crate::Point;
+
 /// Finds the minimum of an iterator of f64s, ignoring any NaN values
 #[inline]
 pub fn min_f64<I>(i: I) -> Option<f64>
@@ -28,17 +30,17 @@ where
 
 /// Dot-product between two 3D vectors.
 #[inline]
-pub fn dot(a: Vector3<f64>, b: Vector3<f64>) -> f64 {
+pub fn dot(a: Point, b: Point) -> f64 {
   a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z
 }
 
 /// Cross-product between two 3D vectors.
 #[inline]
-pub fn cross(a: Vector3<f64>, b: Vector3<f64>) -> Vector3<f64> {
+pub fn cross(a: Point, b: Point) -> Point {
   let x = a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y;
   let y = a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z;
   let z = a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x;
-  Vector3::new(x, y, z)
+  Point::new(x, y, z)
 }
 
 /// Calculate the rotation matrix between the 2 given vectors