add assignment 1d
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assignment-1d/.gitignore
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assignment-1d/.gitignore
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/target
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/assignment-1c
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/raytracer1c
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/examples/*.png
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*.ppm
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*.zip
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*.pdf
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perf.data*
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flamegraph.svg
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showcase.png
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assignment-1d/ASSIGNMENT.md
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assignment-1d/ASSIGNMENT.md
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assignment-1d/Cargo.lock
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assignment-1d/Cargo.lock
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||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "wasi"
|
||||
version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "wide"
|
||||
version = "0.7.5"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "ae41ecad2489a1655c8ef8489444b0b113c0a0c795944a3572a0931cf7d2525c"
|
||||
dependencies = [
|
||||
"bytemuck",
|
||||
"safe_arch",
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "winapi"
|
||||
version = "0.3.9"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
|
||||
dependencies = [
|
||||
"winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
|
||||
"winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
|
||||
version = "0.4.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "winapi-util"
|
||||
version = "0.1.5"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "70ec6ce85bb158151cae5e5c87f95a8e97d2c0c4b001223f33a334e3ce5de178"
|
||||
dependencies = [
|
||||
"winapi",
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
|
||||
version = "0.4.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows"
|
||||
version = "0.39.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "f1c4bd0a50ac6020f65184721f758dba47bb9fbc2133df715ec74a237b26794a"
|
||||
dependencies = [
|
||||
"windows_aarch64_msvc 0.39.0",
|
||||
"windows_i686_gnu 0.39.0",
|
||||
"windows_i686_msvc 0.39.0",
|
||||
"windows_x86_64_gnu 0.39.0",
|
||||
"windows_x86_64_msvc 0.39.0",
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows-sys"
|
||||
version = "0.42.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "5a3e1820f08b8513f676f7ab6c1f99ff312fb97b553d30ff4dd86f9f15728aa7"
|
||||
dependencies = [
|
||||
"windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
|
||||
"windows_aarch64_msvc 0.42.1",
|
||||
"windows_i686_gnu 0.42.1",
|
||||
"windows_i686_msvc 0.42.1",
|
||||
"windows_x86_64_gnu 0.42.1",
|
||||
"windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
|
||||
"windows_x86_64_msvc 0.42.1",
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
|
||||
version = "0.42.1"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "8c9864e83243fdec7fc9c5444389dcbbfd258f745e7853198f365e3c4968a608"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
|
||||
version = "0.39.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "ec7711666096bd4096ffa835238905bb33fb87267910e154b18b44eaabb340f2"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
|
||||
version = "0.42.1"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "4c8b1b673ffc16c47a9ff48570a9d85e25d265735c503681332589af6253c6c7"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_i686_gnu"
|
||||
version = "0.39.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "763fc57100a5f7042e3057e7e8d9bdd7860d330070251a73d003563a3bb49e1b"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_i686_gnu"
|
||||
version = "0.42.1"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "de3887528ad530ba7bdbb1faa8275ec7a1155a45ffa57c37993960277145d640"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_i686_msvc"
|
||||
version = "0.39.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "7bc7cbfe58828921e10a9f446fcaaf649204dcfe6c1ddd712c5eebae6bda1106"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_i686_msvc"
|
||||
version = "0.42.1"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "bf4d1122317eddd6ff351aa852118a2418ad4214e6613a50e0191f7004372605"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
|
||||
version = "0.39.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "6868c165637d653ae1e8dc4d82c25d4f97dd6605eaa8d784b5c6e0ab2a252b65"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
|
||||
version = "0.42.1"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "c1040f221285e17ebccbc2591ffdc2d44ee1f9186324dd3e84e99ac68d699c45"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
|
||||
version = "0.42.1"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "628bfdf232daa22b0d64fdb62b09fcc36bb01f05a3939e20ab73aaf9470d0463"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
|
||||
version = "0.39.0"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "5e4d40883ae9cae962787ca76ba76390ffa29214667a111db9e0a1ad8377e809"
|
||||
|
||||
[[package]]
|
||||
name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
|
||||
version = "0.42.1"
|
||||
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
|
||||
checksum = "447660ad36a13288b1db4d4248e857b510e8c3a225c822ba4fb748c0aafecffd"
|
||||
34
assignment-1d/Cargo.toml
Normal file
34
assignment-1d/Cargo.toml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
|||
[package]
|
||||
name = "assignment-1d"
|
||||
authors = ["Michael Zhang <zhan4854@umn.edu>"]
|
||||
version = "0.1.0"
|
||||
edition = "2021"
|
||||
|
||||
# For profiling with flamegraphs
|
||||
[profile.release]
|
||||
debug = true
|
||||
|
||||
# Optimize for size when creating handin
|
||||
[profile.release-handin]
|
||||
inherits = "release"
|
||||
strip = true
|
||||
lto = true
|
||||
|
||||
[[bin]]
|
||||
name = "raytracer1d"
|
||||
path = "src/main.rs"
|
||||
|
||||
[dependencies]
|
||||
anyhow = { version = "1.0.68", features = ["backtrace"] }
|
||||
base64 = "0.21.0"
|
||||
clap = { version = "4.1.4", features = ["cargo", "derive"] }
|
||||
derivative = "2.2.0"
|
||||
generator = "0.7.2"
|
||||
itertools = "0.10.5"
|
||||
nalgebra = "0.32.1"
|
||||
num = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["serde"] }
|
||||
ordered-float = "3.4.0"
|
||||
rand = "0.8.5"
|
||||
rayon = "1.6.1"
|
||||
tracing = "0.1.37"
|
||||
tracing-subscriber = "0.3.16"
|
||||
46
assignment-1d/Makefile
Normal file
46
assignment-1d/Makefile
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
|
|||
.PHONY: all clean
|
||||
|
||||
.PRECIOUS: $(EXAMPLES_PPM)
|
||||
|
||||
RAYTRACER_FLAGS :=
|
||||
DOCKER := docker
|
||||
ZIP := zip
|
||||
PANDOC := pandoc
|
||||
CONVERT := convert
|
||||
|
||||
HANDIN := ./hw1d.michael.zhang.zip
|
||||
BINARY := ./raytracer1d
|
||||
SOURCES := Cargo.toml $(shell find -name "*.rs")
|
||||
|
||||
EXAMPLES := $(shell find examples -name "*.txt")
|
||||
EXAMPLES_PPM := $(patsubst %.txt,%.ppm,$(EXAMPLES))
|
||||
EXAMPLES_PNG := $(patsubst %.txt,%.png,$(EXAMPLES))
|
||||
|
||||
all: $(HANDIN)
|
||||
|
||||
$(BINARY): $(SOURCES)
|
||||
mkdir -p target/docker
|
||||
$(DOCKER) run \
|
||||
--rm \
|
||||
-v "$(shell pwd)":/usr/src/myapp \
|
||||
-v cargo-registry:/usr/local/cargo \
|
||||
--user "$(shell id -u)":"$(shell id -g)" \
|
||||
-w /usr/src/myapp \
|
||||
-e CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/usr/src/myapp/target/docker \
|
||||
rust \
|
||||
cargo build --profile release-handin
|
||||
mv target/docker/release-handin/raytracer1d $@
|
||||
|
||||
$(HANDIN): $(BINARY) Makefile Cargo.toml Cargo.lock README.md $(EXAMPLES_PNG) $(EXAMPLES_PPM)
|
||||
$(ZIP) -r $@ src examples $^
|
||||
|
||||
examples/%.ppm: examples/%.txt $(SOURCES)
|
||||
cargo run --release -- -o $@ $(RAYTRACER_FLAGS) $<
|
||||
|
||||
examples/%.png: examples/%.ppm
|
||||
convert $< $@
|
||||
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -rf target/docker \
|
||||
$(HANDIN) $(BINARY) \
|
||||
$(EXAMPLES_PPM) $(EXAMPLES_PNG)
|
||||
29
assignment-1d/README.md
Normal file
29
assignment-1d/README.md
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
|||
# Raycaster
|
||||
|
||||
## Bundle contents
|
||||
|
||||
Writeup is located at `/writeup.pdf`.
|
||||
|
||||
The binary can be found at `/raytracer1b`. Run `./raytracer1b --help` to see
|
||||
how to use it. The binary has been built using the Rust Docker image, which
|
||||
should have an environment similar to CSELabs. If there is trouble running the
|
||||
binary, try building from source, as documented below.
|
||||
|
||||
Examples are found in the `examples` directory. The text files are the input
|
||||
sources, and the ppm files are the corresponding outputs. They have been
|
||||
generated by running this program. For convenience, pngs have also been provided
|
||||
using imagemagick.
|
||||
|
||||
## Showcase image
|
||||
|
||||
The showcase image can be found at `/showcase.png`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Building from source
|
||||
|
||||
The Makefile currently uses Docker to produce a more consistent build. If you
|
||||
have a Rust+Cargo toolchain installed locally, it's also possible to build the
|
||||
source using just:
|
||||
|
||||
cargo build --release
|
||||
|
||||
The binary will be found in `target/release`.
|
||||
2
assignment-1d/examples/.gitignore
vendored
Normal file
2
assignment-1d/examples/.gitignore
vendored
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
|
|||
# Necessary files
|
||||
!/earthtexture.ppm
|
||||
17
assignment-1d/examples/Hw1cSample1.txt
Executable file
17
assignment-1d/examples/Hw1cSample1.txt
Executable file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
|||
eye 0 0 0
|
||||
viewdir 0 0 -1
|
||||
updir 0 1 0
|
||||
hfov 60
|
||||
imsize 512 256
|
||||
bkgcolor 0.1 0.1 0.1
|
||||
light -2 1 0 1 1 1 1
|
||||
mtlcolor 1 0 1 1 1 1 0.1 0.4 0.4 20
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
v -2 1 -5
|
||||
v -1 -1 -4
|
||||
v 1 -1 -4
|
||||
v 2 1 -6
|
||||
|
||||
f 1 2 3
|
||||
f 1 3 4
|
||||
21
assignment-1d/examples/Hw1cSample2.txt
Executable file
21
assignment-1d/examples/Hw1cSample2.txt
Executable file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
eye 0 0 0
|
||||
viewdir 0 0 -1
|
||||
updir 0 1 0
|
||||
hfov 60
|
||||
imsize 512 256
|
||||
bkgcolor 0.1 0.1 0.1
|
||||
light -2 1 0 1 1 1 1
|
||||
mtlcolor 1 0 1 1 1 1 0.1 0.4 0.4 20
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
v -2 1 -5
|
||||
v -1 -1 -4
|
||||
v 1 -1 -4
|
||||
v 2 1 -6
|
||||
|
||||
vn -2 1 1
|
||||
vn -1 -1 1
|
||||
vn 2 1 1
|
||||
|
||||
f 1//1 2//2 3//3
|
||||
f 1 3 4
|
||||
10
assignment-1d/examples/Hw1cSample3.txt
Executable file
10
assignment-1d/examples/Hw1cSample3.txt
Executable file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
eye 2 -6 1
|
||||
viewdir -1 3 -0.5
|
||||
updir 0 0 1
|
||||
hfov 50
|
||||
imsize 512 512
|
||||
bkgcolor 0.5 0.7 0.9
|
||||
light 0 1 -1 0 1 1 1
|
||||
mtlcolor 0 1 0 1 1 1 0.2 0.8 0.1 20
|
||||
texture earthtexture.ppm
|
||||
sphere 0 0 0 2
|
||||
1081
assignment-1d/examples/earthtexture.ppm
Executable file
1081
assignment-1d/examples/earthtexture.ppm
Executable file
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
27
assignment-1d/examples/smooth.txt
Normal file
27
assignment-1d/examples/smooth.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
|
|||
eye 0 0 4
|
||||
viewdir 0 0 -1
|
||||
updir 1 1 0
|
||||
hfov 60
|
||||
imsize 640 480
|
||||
|
||||
bkgcolor 0.4 0.4 0.4
|
||||
light -2 1 0 1 1 1 1
|
||||
mtlcolor 1 0.6 1 1 1 1 0.1 0.4 0.4 20
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
v 0 0 0
|
||||
v 1 0 -1
|
||||
v 0 1 -1
|
||||
v -1 0 -1
|
||||
v 0 -1 -1
|
||||
|
||||
vn 0 0 1
|
||||
vn 1 0 1
|
||||
vn 0 1 1
|
||||
vn -1 0 1
|
||||
vn 0 -1 1
|
||||
|
||||
f 1//1 2//2 3//3
|
||||
f 1//1 3//3 4//4
|
||||
f 1//1 4//4 5//5
|
||||
f 1//1 5//5 2//2
|
||||
45
assignment-1d/examples/soft-shadow-demo.txt
Normal file
45
assignment-1d/examples/soft-shadow-demo.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
|||
imsize 1024 768
|
||||
eye 0 0 15
|
||||
viewdir 0 0 -1
|
||||
hfov 60
|
||||
updir 0 1 0
|
||||
bkgcolor 0.5 0.5 0.5
|
||||
|
||||
depthcueing 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 0.4 60 0
|
||||
|
||||
light 10 10 -10 1 1 1 1
|
||||
|
||||
mtlcolor 0.5 1 0.5 1 1 1 0.2 1 0.1 5
|
||||
sphere 4.5 4.5 -20 4.5
|
||||
sphere -4.5 -4.5 -20 4.5
|
||||
|
||||
mtlcolor 1 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 0.2 0.8 0 5
|
||||
sphere -10 0 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -20 0 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -30 0 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -40 0 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 0 0 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 10 0 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 20 0 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 30 0 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 40 0 -30 4
|
||||
|
||||
sphere -10 -10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -20 -10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -30 -10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -40 -10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 0 -10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 10 -10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 20 -10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 30 -10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 40 -10 -30 4
|
||||
|
||||
sphere -10 10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -20 10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -30 10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere -40 10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 0 10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 10 10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 20 10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 30 10 -30 4
|
||||
sphere 40 10 -30 4
|
||||
127
assignment-1d/src/image.rs
Normal file
127
assignment-1d/src/image.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
|
|||
use std::{
|
||||
fs::File,
|
||||
io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Write},
|
||||
path::Path,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
use anyhow::{Context, Result};
|
||||
use generator::{done, Gn};
|
||||
use itertools::Itertools;
|
||||
use nalgebra::Vector3;
|
||||
|
||||
/// A pixel color represented by a red, green, and blue value in the range 0-1.
|
||||
pub type Color = Vector3<f64>;
|
||||
|
||||
/// A representation of an image
|
||||
#[derive(Derivative)]
|
||||
#[derivative(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Image {
|
||||
/// Width in pixels
|
||||
pub width: usize,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Height in pixels
|
||||
pub height: usize,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Pixel data in row-major form.
|
||||
#[derivative(Debug = "ignore")]
|
||||
pub data: Vec<Color>,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Image {
|
||||
pub fn from_file(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Self> {
|
||||
let path = path.as_ref();
|
||||
let file = File::open(path)
|
||||
.with_context(|| format!("Could not open file at {path:?}"))?;
|
||||
Self::read(file)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Parse image from a Read
|
||||
pub fn read(r: impl Read + Send) -> Result<Self> {
|
||||
let mut line_reader = BufReader::new(r);
|
||||
|
||||
let mut header = String::new();
|
||||
line_reader
|
||||
.read_line(&mut header)
|
||||
.context("Could not read line")?;
|
||||
let parts = header.trim().split(" ").collect::<Vec<_>>();
|
||||
|
||||
let width = parts[1].parse::<usize>().context("Could not read width")?;
|
||||
let height = parts[2].parse::<usize>().context("Could not read height")?;
|
||||
let max_value = parts[3]
|
||||
.parse::<usize>()
|
||||
.context("Could not read max value")?;
|
||||
|
||||
// Generator for reading numbers
|
||||
let numbers = Gn::<()>::new_scoped(move |mut s| {
|
||||
macro_rules! gen_try {
|
||||
($expr:expr, $str:expr $(, $($arg:expr),* $(,)?)?) => {
|
||||
match $expr {
|
||||
Ok(v) => v,
|
||||
Err(e) => {
|
||||
s.yield_(
|
||||
Err(anyhow::Error::from(e))
|
||||
.with_context(|| format!($str $(, $($arg,)*)?)),
|
||||
);
|
||||
done!();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for line in line_reader.lines() {
|
||||
let line = gen_try!(line, "Could not read line");
|
||||
let parts = line.trim().split_whitespace();
|
||||
|
||||
for part in parts {
|
||||
let int =
|
||||
gen_try!(part.parse::<u64>(), "Could not read int from: {}", part);
|
||||
s.yield_(Ok(int));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
done!()
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(width * height);
|
||||
for mut chunk in &(numbers).chunks(3) {
|
||||
let (r, g, b) = match chunk.next_tuple() {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => bail!("Not enough elements"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let r = r? as f64 / max_value as f64;
|
||||
let g = g? as f64 / max_value as f64;
|
||||
let b = b? as f64 / max_value as f64;
|
||||
|
||||
let color = Color::new(r, g, b);
|
||||
data.push(color);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(Image {
|
||||
width,
|
||||
height,
|
||||
data,
|
||||
})
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Write the image in PPM format to a file.
|
||||
pub fn write(&self, mut w: impl Write) -> Result<()> {
|
||||
// Header
|
||||
let header = format!("P3 {} {} 255\n", self.width, self.height);
|
||||
w.write_all(header.as_bytes())?;
|
||||
|
||||
// Pixel data
|
||||
assert_eq!(self.data.len(), self.width * self.height);
|
||||
|
||||
for pixel in self.data.iter() {
|
||||
let pixel = pixel * 256.0;
|
||||
let red = pixel.x as u8;
|
||||
let green = pixel.y as u8;
|
||||
let blue = pixel.z as u8;
|
||||
let pixel = format!("{red} {green} {blue}\n");
|
||||
w.write_all(pixel.as_bytes())?;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(())
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
17
assignment-1d/src/lib.rs
Normal file
17
assignment-1d/src/lib.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
|||
use nalgebra::{Vector2, Vector3};
|
||||
|
||||
#[macro_use]
|
||||
extern crate anyhow;
|
||||
#[macro_use]
|
||||
extern crate derivative;
|
||||
#[macro_use]
|
||||
extern crate tracing;
|
||||
|
||||
pub mod image;
|
||||
pub mod ray;
|
||||
pub mod scene;
|
||||
pub mod utils;
|
||||
|
||||
pub type Point2 = Vector2<f64>;
|
||||
pub type Point = Vector3<f64>;
|
||||
pub type Vector = Vector3<f64>;
|
||||
137
assignment-1d/src/main.rs
Normal file
137
assignment-1d/src/main.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
|
|||
#[macro_use]
|
||||
extern crate tracing;
|
||||
|
||||
use std::fs::File;
|
||||
use std::path::PathBuf;
|
||||
|
||||
use anyhow::Result;
|
||||
use assignment_1d::{image::Image, ray::Ray, scene::Scene};
|
||||
|
||||
use clap::Parser;
|
||||
|
||||
use rayon::prelude::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
|
||||
|
||||
/// Simple raytracer with Blinn-Phong illumination and shadowing.
|
||||
#[derive(Parser)]
|
||||
#[clap(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
|
||||
struct Opt {
|
||||
/// Path to the input file to use.
|
||||
#[clap()]
|
||||
input_path: PathBuf,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Path to the output (defaults to the same file name as the input except
|
||||
/// with an extension of .ppm)
|
||||
#[clap(short = 'o', long = "output")]
|
||||
output_path: Option<PathBuf>,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Force parallel projection to be used
|
||||
#[clap(long = "parallel")]
|
||||
force_parallel: bool,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Override distance from eye
|
||||
#[clap(long = "distance", default_value = "1.0")]
|
||||
distance: f64,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn main() -> Result<()> {
|
||||
let opt = Opt::parse();
|
||||
|
||||
// Set up logging
|
||||
tracing_subscriber::fmt()
|
||||
.with_target(false)
|
||||
.with_timer(tracing_subscriber::fmt::time::uptime())
|
||||
.with_level(true)
|
||||
.init();
|
||||
|
||||
// Rename the output file if it's not provided
|
||||
let out_file = opt
|
||||
.output_path
|
||||
.unwrap_or_else(|| opt.input_path.with_extension("ppm"));
|
||||
|
||||
let mut scene = Scene::from_input_file(&opt.input_path)?;
|
||||
let distance = opt.distance;
|
||||
|
||||
// Force-override parallel projection
|
||||
if opt.force_parallel {
|
||||
scene.parallel_projection = true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Translate image pixels to real-world 3d coords
|
||||
let translate_pixel = scene.pixel_translation_function(distance);
|
||||
|
||||
// Generate a parallel iterator for pixels
|
||||
// The iterator preserves order and uses row-major order
|
||||
let pixels_iter = (0..scene.image_height)
|
||||
.into_par_iter()
|
||||
.flat_map(|y| (0..scene.image_width).into_par_iter().map(move |x| (x, y)));
|
||||
|
||||
// Loop through every single pixel of the output file
|
||||
let pixels = pixels_iter
|
||||
.map(|(px, py)| {
|
||||
let pixel_in_space = translate_pixel(px, py);
|
||||
|
||||
let ray_start = if scene.parallel_projection {
|
||||
// For a parallel projection, we'll just take the view direction and
|
||||
// subtract it from the target point. This means every single
|
||||
// ray will be viewed from a point at infinity, rather than a single eye
|
||||
// position.
|
||||
let n = scene.view_dir.normalize();
|
||||
let view_dir = n * distance;
|
||||
pixel_in_space - view_dir
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
scene.eye_pos
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let ray = Ray::from_endpoints(ray_start, pixel_in_space);
|
||||
|
||||
let intersections = scene
|
||||
.objects
|
||||
.iter()
|
||||
.enumerate()
|
||||
.filter_map(|(i, object)| {
|
||||
match object.kind.intersects_ray_at(&scene, &ray) {
|
||||
Ok(Some(t)) => {
|
||||
// Return both the t and the sphere, because we want to sort on
|
||||
// the t but later retrieve attributes from the sphere
|
||||
Some(Ok((i, t, object)))
|
||||
}
|
||||
Ok(None) => None,
|
||||
Err(err) => {
|
||||
error!("Error: {err}");
|
||||
Some(Err(err))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
})
|
||||
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
|
||||
|
||||
// Sort the list of intersection times by the lowest one.
|
||||
let earliest_intersection =
|
||||
intersections.into_iter().min_by_key(|(_, t, _)| t.time);
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(match earliest_intersection {
|
||||
// Take the object's material color
|
||||
Some((obj_idx, intersection_context, object)) => {
|
||||
scene.compute_pixel_color(obj_idx, object, intersection_context)?
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// There was no intersection, so this should default to the scene's
|
||||
// background color
|
||||
None => scene.bkg_color,
|
||||
})
|
||||
})
|
||||
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
|
||||
|
||||
// Construct and emit image
|
||||
let image = Image {
|
||||
width: scene.image_width,
|
||||
height: scene.image_height,
|
||||
data: pixels,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
let file = File::create(out_file)?;
|
||||
image.write(file)?;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(())
|
||||
}
|
||||
27
assignment-1d/src/ray.rs
Normal file
27
assignment-1d/src/ray.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
|
|||
use crate::{Point, Vector};
|
||||
|
||||
/// A normalized parametric Ray of the form (origin + direction * time)
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// That means at any time t: f64, the point represented by origin + direction *
|
||||
/// time occurs on the ray.
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Ray {
|
||||
pub origin: Point,
|
||||
pub direction: Vector,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Ray {
|
||||
/// Construct a ray from endpoints
|
||||
pub fn from_endpoints(start: Point, end: Point) -> Self {
|
||||
let delta = (end - start).normalize();
|
||||
Ray {
|
||||
origin: start,
|
||||
direction: delta,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Evaluate the ray at a certain point in time, yielding a point
|
||||
pub fn eval(&self, time: f64) -> Point {
|
||||
self.origin + self.direction * time
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
206
assignment-1d/src/scene/cylinder.rs
Normal file
206
assignment-1d/src/scene/cylinder.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
|
|||
use anyhow::Result;
|
||||
|
||||
use ordered_float::NotNan;
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::utils::compute_rotation_matrix;
|
||||
use crate::Vector;
|
||||
use crate::{ray::Ray, Point};
|
||||
|
||||
use super::illumination::IntersectionContext;
|
||||
use super::Scene;
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Cylinder {
|
||||
pub center: Point,
|
||||
pub direction: Vector,
|
||||
pub radius: f64,
|
||||
pub length: f64,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Cylinder {
|
||||
/// Given a cylinder, returns the first time at which this ray intersects the
|
||||
/// cylinder.
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// If there is no intersection point, returns None.
|
||||
pub fn intersects_ray_at(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
_: &Scene,
|
||||
ray: &Ray,
|
||||
) -> Result<Option<IntersectionContext>> {
|
||||
// Determine rotation matrix for turning the cylinder upright along the
|
||||
// Z-axis
|
||||
let target_direction = Vector::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
|
||||
let rotation_matrix =
|
||||
compute_rotation_matrix(self.direction, target_direction)?;
|
||||
let inverse_rotation_matrix =
|
||||
rotation_matrix.try_inverse().ok_or_else(|| {
|
||||
anyhow!("Rotation matrix for some reason does not have an inverse?")
|
||||
})?;
|
||||
|
||||
// Transform all parameters according to this rotation matrix
|
||||
let rotated_cylinder_center = rotation_matrix * self.center;
|
||||
let rotated_ray_origin = rotation_matrix * ray.origin;
|
||||
let rotated_ray_direction = rotation_matrix * ray.direction;
|
||||
|
||||
// Now that we know the cylinder is upright, we can start checking against
|
||||
// the formula:
|
||||
//
|
||||
// (ox + t*rx - cx)^2 + (oy + t*ry - cy)^2 = r^2
|
||||
//
|
||||
// where o{xy} is the ray origin, r{xy} is the ray direction, and c{xy} is
|
||||
// the cylinder center. The z will be taken care of after the fact. To
|
||||
// solve, we must put it into the form At^2 + Bt + c = 0. The variables
|
||||
// are:
|
||||
//
|
||||
// A: rx^2 + ry^2
|
||||
// B: 2(rx(ox - cx) + ry(oy - cy))
|
||||
// C: (cx - ox)^2 + (cy - oy)^2 - r^2
|
||||
let (a, b, c) = {
|
||||
let o = rotated_ray_origin;
|
||||
let r = rotated_ray_direction;
|
||||
let c = rotated_cylinder_center;
|
||||
|
||||
(
|
||||
r.x.powi(2) + r.y.powi(2),
|
||||
2.0 * (r.x * (o.x - c.x) + r.y * (o.y - c.y)),
|
||||
(c.x - o.x).powi(2) + (c.y - o.y).powi(2) - self.radius.powi(2),
|
||||
)
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let discriminant = b * b - 4.0 * a * c;
|
||||
|
||||
let possible_side_solutions = match discriminant {
|
||||
// Discriminant < 0, means the equation has no solutions.
|
||||
d if d < 0.0 => vec![],
|
||||
|
||||
// Discriminant == 0
|
||||
d if d == 0.0 => vec![-b / 2.0 * a],
|
||||
|
||||
// Discriminant > 0, 2 solutions available.
|
||||
d if d > 0.0 => {
|
||||
vec![
|
||||
(-b + discriminant.sqrt()) / (2.0 * a),
|
||||
(-b - discriminant.sqrt()) / (2.0 * a),
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Probably hit some NaN or Infinity value due to faulty inputs...
|
||||
_ => bail!("Invalid determinant value: {discriminant}"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// Filter out solutions that don't have a valid Z position.
|
||||
let side_solutions = possible_side_solutions.into_iter().filter_map(|t| {
|
||||
let ray_point = ray.eval(t);
|
||||
let rotated_ray_point = rotation_matrix * ray_point;
|
||||
let z = rotated_ray_point.z - rotated_cylinder_center.z;
|
||||
|
||||
// Check to see if z is between -len/2 and len/2
|
||||
if z.abs() > self.length / 2.0 {
|
||||
return None;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
let time = NotNan::new(t).ok()?;
|
||||
|
||||
// The point on the center of the cylinder that corresponds to the z-axis
|
||||
// point of the intersection
|
||||
let center_at_z = {
|
||||
let mut center_point = rotation_matrix * ray_point;
|
||||
center_point.x = rotated_cylinder_center.x;
|
||||
center_point.y = rotated_cylinder_center.y;
|
||||
|
||||
inverse_rotation_matrix * center_point
|
||||
};
|
||||
let normal = (ray_point - center_at_z).normalize();
|
||||
|
||||
Some(IntersectionContext {
|
||||
time,
|
||||
point: ray_point,
|
||||
normal,
|
||||
})
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// We also need to add solutions for the two ends of the cylinder, which
|
||||
// uses a similar method except backwards: check intersection points
|
||||
// with the correct z-plane and then see if the points are within the
|
||||
// circle.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// Luckily, this means we only need to care about one dimension at first,
|
||||
// and don't need to perform the quadratic equation method above.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// oz + t * rz = cz +- (len / 2)
|
||||
// t = (-oz + cz +- (len / 2)) / rz
|
||||
let possible_z_intersections = {
|
||||
let o = rotated_ray_origin;
|
||||
let r = rotated_ray_direction;
|
||||
let c = rotated_cylinder_center;
|
||||
|
||||
if r.z == 0.0 {
|
||||
Vec::new() // No solutions here
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
vec![
|
||||
(-o.z + c.z + self.length / 2.0) / r.z,
|
||||
(-o.z + c.z - self.length / 2.0) / r.z,
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let end_solutions = possible_z_intersections.into_iter().filter_map(|t| {
|
||||
let ray_point = ray.eval(t);
|
||||
let rotated_point = rotation_matrix * ray_point;
|
||||
|
||||
// Filter out all the solutions where the intersection point does not lie
|
||||
// in the circle
|
||||
if rotated_point.x.powi(2) + rotated_point.y.powi(2) > self.radius.powi(2)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return None;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
let normal_rotated =
|
||||
Vector::new(0.0, 0.0, rotated_point.z - rotated_cylinder_center.z)
|
||||
.normalize();
|
||||
let normal = inverse_rotation_matrix * normal_rotated;
|
||||
|
||||
let time = NotNan::new(t).ok()?;
|
||||
Some(IntersectionContext {
|
||||
time,
|
||||
point: ray_point,
|
||||
normal,
|
||||
})
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
let solutions = side_solutions
|
||||
.into_iter()
|
||||
.chain(end_solutions.into_iter())
|
||||
// Remove any t < 0, since that means it's behind the viewer and we
|
||||
// can't see it.
|
||||
.filter(|ctx| *ctx.time >= 0.0);
|
||||
|
||||
// Return the minimum solution
|
||||
Ok(solutions.min_by_key(|ctx| ctx.time))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[cfg(test)]
|
||||
mod tests {
|
||||
use crate::{ray::Ray, scene::Scene, Point, Vector};
|
||||
|
||||
use super::Cylinder;
|
||||
|
||||
#[test]
|
||||
fn test_cylinder() {
|
||||
let cylinder = Cylinder {
|
||||
center: Point::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
|
||||
direction: Vector::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
|
||||
radius: 3.0,
|
||||
length: 4.0,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let eye = Point::new(0.0, 3.0, 3.0);
|
||||
let end = Point::new(0.0, 2.0, 2.0);
|
||||
let ray = Ray::from_endpoints(eye, end);
|
||||
|
||||
let scene = Scene::default();
|
||||
let _res = cylinder.intersects_ray_at(&scene, &ray);
|
||||
// panic!("Result: {res:?}");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
187
assignment-1d/src/scene/data.rs
Normal file
187
assignment-1d/src/scene/data.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
|
|||
use std::fmt::Debug;
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::image::Color;
|
||||
use crate::utils::cross;
|
||||
use crate::Point;
|
||||
|
||||
use super::Scene;
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Rect {
|
||||
pub upper_left: Point,
|
||||
pub upper_right: Point,
|
||||
pub lower_left: Point,
|
||||
pub lower_right: Point,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Material {
|
||||
pub diffuse_color: Point,
|
||||
pub specular_color: Point,
|
||||
|
||||
pub k_a: f64,
|
||||
pub k_d: f64,
|
||||
pub k_s: f64,
|
||||
pub exponent: f64,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub enum LightKind {
|
||||
/// A point light source exists at a point and emits light in all directions
|
||||
Point {
|
||||
location: Point,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Whether light attenuation is enabled for this light
|
||||
attenuation: Option<Attenuation>,
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/// A directional light source exists at an infinitely far location but emits
|
||||
/// light in a specific direction
|
||||
Directional { direction: Point },
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Light {
|
||||
/// The kind of light source, as well as its associated information
|
||||
pub kind: LightKind,
|
||||
|
||||
/// The color, or intensity, of the light source
|
||||
pub color: Point,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Light {
|
||||
/// Get the unit directional vector pointing from the given point to this
|
||||
/// light source
|
||||
pub fn direction_from(&self, point: Point) -> Point {
|
||||
match self.kind {
|
||||
LightKind::Point { location, .. } => location - point,
|
||||
LightKind::Directional { direction } => -direction,
|
||||
}
|
||||
.normalize()
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct DepthCueing {
|
||||
/// The color to tint (should be the same as the background color, to avoid
|
||||
/// bizarre visual effects)
|
||||
pub color: Color,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Proportion of the color influenced by the depth tint when the distance is
|
||||
/// maxed (caps at 1.0)
|
||||
pub a_max: f64,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Proportion of the color influenced by the depth tint when the distance is
|
||||
/// at the minimum (caps at 1.0)
|
||||
pub a_min: f64,
|
||||
|
||||
/// The max distance that should be affected by the depth tint
|
||||
pub dist_max: f64,
|
||||
|
||||
/// The min distance that should be affected by the depth tint
|
||||
pub dist_min: f64,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// A default implementation here needs to simulate what would happen if there
|
||||
/// was no depth cueing. In this case, if we have both a_max and a_min be 1.0,
|
||||
/// then the original color will always apply and there will be no need for
|
||||
/// depth color
|
||||
impl Default for DepthCueing {
|
||||
fn default() -> Self {
|
||||
Self {
|
||||
color: Default::default(),
|
||||
a_max: 1.0,
|
||||
a_min: 1.0,
|
||||
dist_max: 0.0,
|
||||
dist_min: 0.0,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Light attenuation dropoff coefficients
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Attenuation {
|
||||
pub c1: f64,
|
||||
pub c2: f64,
|
||||
pub c3: f64,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// A default implementation here needs to simulate what would happen if there
|
||||
/// was no light attenuation specified. In this case, c1 would just be a
|
||||
/// constant of 1 and all the coefficients for anything involving distance would
|
||||
/// be zeroed out
|
||||
impl Default for Attenuation {
|
||||
fn default() -> Self {
|
||||
Self {
|
||||
c1: 1.0,
|
||||
c2: 0.0,
|
||||
c3: 0.0,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Scene {
|
||||
/// Determine the boundaries of the viewing window in world coordinates
|
||||
pub fn compute_viewing_window(&self, distance: f64) -> Rect {
|
||||
// Compute viewing directions
|
||||
let u = cross(self.view_dir, self.up_dir).normalize();
|
||||
let v = cross(u, self.view_dir).normalize();
|
||||
|
||||
// Compute dimensions of viewing window based on field of view
|
||||
let viewing_width = {
|
||||
// Divide the angle in 2 since we are trying to use trig rules so we must
|
||||
// get it from a right triangle
|
||||
let half_hfov = self.hfov.to_radians() / 2.0;
|
||||
|
||||
// tan(hfov / 2) = w / 2d
|
||||
let w_over_2d = half_hfov.tan();
|
||||
|
||||
// To find the viewing width we must multiply by 2d now
|
||||
w_over_2d * 2.0 * distance
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let aspect_ratio = self.image_width as f64 / self.image_height as f64;
|
||||
let viewing_height = viewing_width / aspect_ratio;
|
||||
|
||||
// Compute viewing window corners
|
||||
let n = self.view_dir.normalize();
|
||||
|
||||
#[rustfmt::skip] // Don't format, or else this line wraps over
|
||||
let view_window = Rect {
|
||||
upper_left: self.eye_pos + n * distance - u * (viewing_width / 2.0) + v * (viewing_height / 2.0),
|
||||
upper_right: self.eye_pos + n * distance + u * (viewing_width / 2.0) + v * (viewing_height / 2.0),
|
||||
lower_left: self.eye_pos + n * distance - u * (viewing_width / 2.0) - v * (viewing_height / 2.0),
|
||||
lower_right: self.eye_pos + n * distance + u * (viewing_width / 2.0) - v * (viewing_height / 2.0),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
view_window
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Create a pixel translation function based on the viewing window of the
|
||||
/// current scene
|
||||
pub fn pixel_translation_function(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
distance: f64,
|
||||
) -> impl Fn(usize, usize) -> Point {
|
||||
let view_window = self.compute_viewing_window(distance);
|
||||
|
||||
let dx = view_window.upper_right - view_window.upper_left;
|
||||
let pixel_base_x = dx / self.image_width as f64;
|
||||
|
||||
let dy = view_window.lower_left - view_window.upper_left;
|
||||
let pixel_base_y = dy / self.image_height as f64;
|
||||
|
||||
// The final function to be returned
|
||||
move |px: usize, py: usize| {
|
||||
let x_component = pixel_base_x * px as f64;
|
||||
let y_component = pixel_base_y * py as f64;
|
||||
|
||||
// Without adding this, we would be getting the top-left of the pixel's
|
||||
// rectangle. We want the center, so add half of the pixel size as
|
||||
// well.
|
||||
let center_offset = (pixel_base_x + pixel_base_y) / 2.0;
|
||||
|
||||
view_window.upper_left + x_component + y_component + center_offset
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
294
assignment-1d/src/scene/illumination.rs
Normal file
294
assignment-1d/src/scene/illumination.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
|
|||
use std::iter;
|
||||
|
||||
use anyhow::Result;
|
||||
use ordered_float::NotNan;
|
||||
use rand::Rng;
|
||||
use rayon::prelude::{
|
||||
IndexedParallelIterator, IntoParallelIterator, IntoParallelRefIterator,
|
||||
ParallelIterator,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::{image::Color, ray::Ray, utils::dot, Point, Vector};
|
||||
|
||||
use super::{
|
||||
data::{DepthCueing, Light, LightKind},
|
||||
object::Object,
|
||||
Scene,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
impl Scene {
|
||||
/// Determine the color that should be used to fill this pixel.
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// - material_idx is the index into the materials list.
|
||||
/// - intersection_context contains information on vectors where the
|
||||
/// intersection occurred
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// Also known as Shade_Ray in the slides.
|
||||
pub fn compute_pixel_color(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
obj_idx: usize,
|
||||
object: &Object,
|
||||
intersection_context: IntersectionContext,
|
||||
) -> Result<Color> {
|
||||
let material = match self.materials.get(object.material_idx) {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => bail!("Material index not found."),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let diffuse_color = match object.texture_idx {
|
||||
Some(texture_idx) => {
|
||||
let (u, v) = object
|
||||
.kind
|
||||
.get_texture_coord(&self, &intersection_context)?;
|
||||
|
||||
let texture = match self.textures.get(texture_idx) {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => bail!("Texture index not found."),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
texture.pixel_at(u, v)
|
||||
}
|
||||
None => material.diffuse_color,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let ambient_component = material.k_a * diffuse_color;
|
||||
|
||||
// Diffuse and specular lighting for each separate light
|
||||
let diffuse_and_specular: Color = self
|
||||
.lights
|
||||
.par_iter()
|
||||
.map(|light| {
|
||||
// The vector pointing in the direction of the light
|
||||
let light_direction = light.direction_from(intersection_context.point);
|
||||
|
||||
let normal = intersection_context.normal.normalize();
|
||||
let viewer_direction = self.eye_pos - intersection_context.point;
|
||||
let halfway_direction =
|
||||
((light_direction + viewer_direction) / 2.0).normalize();
|
||||
|
||||
let diffuse_component = material.k_d
|
||||
* diffuse_color
|
||||
* dot(normal, light_direction).max(0.0);
|
||||
|
||||
let specular_component = material.k_s
|
||||
* material.specular_color
|
||||
* dot(normal, halfway_direction)
|
||||
.max(0.0)
|
||||
.powf(material.exponent);
|
||||
|
||||
// Shadow coefficient between 0 and 1 to control how bright this pixel
|
||||
// should be from being in the shadow of another object (could be
|
||||
// between 0 and 1 when applying soft shadows)
|
||||
let shadow_coefficient = self.compute_shadow_coefficient(
|
||||
obj_idx,
|
||||
intersection_context.point,
|
||||
light,
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
let attenuation_coefficient = match &light.kind {
|
||||
LightKind::Point {
|
||||
location,
|
||||
attenuation: Some(att),
|
||||
} => {
|
||||
let dist = (location - intersection_context.point).norm();
|
||||
let denom = att.c1 + att.c2 * dist + att.c3 * dist.powi(2);
|
||||
if denom == 0.0 {
|
||||
warn!("Light attenuation coefficients produced a denominator of 0. Check your inputs...");
|
||||
1.0 // Some kind of graceful fallback here
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
1.0 / denom
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
_ => 1.0,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let diffuse_and_specular = diffuse_component + specular_component;
|
||||
|
||||
attenuation_coefficient
|
||||
* shadow_coefficient
|
||||
* light.color.component_mul(&diffuse_and_specular)
|
||||
})
|
||||
.sum();
|
||||
|
||||
let color = ambient_component + diffuse_and_specular;
|
||||
|
||||
// Apply depth cueing to the result
|
||||
let a_dc = {
|
||||
// Distance from the viewer
|
||||
let d_obj = (intersection_context.point - self.eye_pos).norm();
|
||||
let DepthCueing {
|
||||
dist_max,
|
||||
dist_min,
|
||||
a_max,
|
||||
a_min,
|
||||
..
|
||||
} = self.depth_cueing;
|
||||
|
||||
if d_obj < dist_min {
|
||||
a_max
|
||||
} else if d_obj < dist_max {
|
||||
a_min + (a_max - a_min) * (dist_max - d_obj) / (dist_max - dist_min)
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
a_min
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let color = a_dc * color + (1.0 - a_dc) * self.depth_cueing.color;
|
||||
|
||||
// Need to clamp the result so none of the components goes over 1
|
||||
let clamped_result = color.map(|v| v.min(1.0));
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(clamped_result)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Perform another ray casting to see if there are any objects obstructing
|
||||
/// the light source to this particular point
|
||||
pub fn compute_shadow_coefficient(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
obj_idx: usize,
|
||||
point: Point,
|
||||
light: &Light,
|
||||
) -> f64 {
|
||||
let light_direction = light.direction_from(point);
|
||||
let ray = Ray {
|
||||
origin: point,
|
||||
direction: light_direction.normalize(),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// Small helper for iterating over all of the objects in the scene except
|
||||
// for the current one
|
||||
let other_objects = self
|
||||
.objects
|
||||
.par_iter()
|
||||
.enumerate()
|
||||
.filter(|(i, _)| *i != obj_idx);
|
||||
|
||||
// Get the list of intersections with all the other objects in the scene
|
||||
// This list will be a set of opacities
|
||||
let intersections = other_objects
|
||||
.filter_map(|(_, object)| {
|
||||
let intersection_context =
|
||||
match object.kind.intersects_ray_at(&self, &ray) {
|
||||
Ok(v) => v,
|
||||
Err(err) => {
|
||||
error!("Error while performing shadow casting: {err}");
|
||||
None
|
||||
}
|
||||
}?;
|
||||
let intersection_time = *intersection_context.time;
|
||||
|
||||
match light.kind {
|
||||
// In the case of point lights, we must check to see if both t > 0 and
|
||||
// t is less than the time it took to even get to the light.
|
||||
LightKind::Point { location, .. } => {
|
||||
let light_time = (location - ray.origin).norm();
|
||||
|
||||
if intersection_time <= 0.0 || intersection_time >= light_time {
|
||||
None
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
let soft_shadow_coefficient =
|
||||
self.compute_soft_shadow_coefficient(location, point, object);
|
||||
Some(soft_shadow_coefficient)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// In the case of directional lights, only t > 0 needs to be checked,
|
||||
// otherwise
|
||||
LightKind::Directional { .. } => {
|
||||
if intersection_time <= 0.0 {
|
||||
None
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
Some(0.0) // complete obstruction
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
})
|
||||
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
|
||||
|
||||
match intersections.is_empty() {
|
||||
true => 1.0,
|
||||
false => {
|
||||
let average = intersections.iter().cloned().sum::<f64>()
|
||||
/ intersections.len() as f64;
|
||||
average
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn compute_soft_shadow_coefficient(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
light_location: Point,
|
||||
original_intersection_point: Point,
|
||||
object: &Object,
|
||||
) -> f64 {
|
||||
// Soft shadows: jitter some rays here to somewhere close to the
|
||||
// actual location as well, and measure the proportion
|
||||
// of them that intersect any objects
|
||||
const JITTER_RADIUS: f64 = 1.0;
|
||||
const JITTER_RAYS: usize = 75;
|
||||
|
||||
let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
|
||||
let locations = iter::repeat_with(|| {
|
||||
let x = rng.gen_range(0.0..JITTER_RADIUS);
|
||||
let y = rng.gen_range(0.0..JITTER_RADIUS);
|
||||
let z = rng.gen_range(0.0..JITTER_RADIUS);
|
||||
let delta = Vector::new(x, y, z);
|
||||
light_location + delta
|
||||
})
|
||||
.take(JITTER_RAYS)
|
||||
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
|
||||
let num_obstructed_rays = locations
|
||||
.into_par_iter()
|
||||
.filter(|location| {
|
||||
let direction = (location - original_intersection_point).normalize();
|
||||
let ray = Ray {
|
||||
origin: original_intersection_point,
|
||||
direction,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let intersection_context =
|
||||
match object.kind.intersects_ray_at(&self, &ray) {
|
||||
Ok(Some(v)) => v,
|
||||
Ok(None) => return false,
|
||||
Err(err) => {
|
||||
error!("Error while performing shadow casting: {err}");
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let light_time = (location - ray.origin).norm();
|
||||
let intersection_time = *intersection_context.time;
|
||||
|
||||
0.0 < intersection_time && intersection_time < light_time
|
||||
})
|
||||
.count();
|
||||
|
||||
(JITTER_RAYS - num_obstructed_rays) as f64 / JITTER_RAYS as f64
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Information about an intersection
|
||||
#[derive(Derivative)]
|
||||
#[derivative(Debug, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
|
||||
pub struct IntersectionContext {
|
||||
/// The time of the intersection in the parametric ray
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// Unfortunately, IEEE floats in Rust don't have total ordering, because
|
||||
/// NaNs violate ordering properties. The way to remedy this is to ensure we
|
||||
/// don't have NaNs by wrapping it into this type, which then implements
|
||||
/// total ordering.
|
||||
pub time: NotNan<f64>,
|
||||
|
||||
/// The intersection point.
|
||||
#[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore", Ord = "ignore")]
|
||||
pub point: Point,
|
||||
|
||||
/// The normal vector protruding from the surface of the object at the
|
||||
/// intersection point
|
||||
#[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore", Ord = "ignore")]
|
||||
pub normal: Vector,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Eq for IntersectionContext {}
|
||||
|
||||
impl IntersectionContext {}
|
||||
398
assignment-1d/src/scene/input_file.rs
Normal file
398
assignment-1d/src/scene/input_file.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
|
|||
use std::fs::File;
|
||||
use std::io::Read;
|
||||
use std::path::Path;
|
||||
|
||||
use anyhow::{Context, Result};
|
||||
use itertools::Itertools;
|
||||
use nalgebra::Vector3;
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::{
|
||||
image::{Color, Image},
|
||||
scene::{
|
||||
cylinder::Cylinder,
|
||||
data::{Attenuation, Light, LightKind, Material},
|
||||
object::{Object, ObjectKind},
|
||||
sphere::Sphere,
|
||||
texture::{Texture, NormalMap},
|
||||
triangle::Triangle,
|
||||
Scene,
|
||||
},
|
||||
Point, Vector,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
use super::data::DepthCueing;
|
||||
|
||||
impl Scene {
|
||||
/// Parse the input file into a scene
|
||||
pub fn from_input_file(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Self> {
|
||||
let path = path.as_ref();
|
||||
|
||||
// Scope the read so the file is dropped and closed immediately after the
|
||||
// contents have been read to memory
|
||||
let contents = {
|
||||
let mut contents = String::new();
|
||||
let mut file = File::open(path)?;
|
||||
file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
|
||||
contents
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let mut scene = Scene::default();
|
||||
let mut material_idx = None;
|
||||
let mut texture_idx = None;
|
||||
|
||||
for line in contents.lines() {
|
||||
// Split lines into words. `parts' is an iterator, which is consumed upon
|
||||
// iterating, rather than collected into a Vec
|
||||
let mut parts = line.split_whitespace();
|
||||
|
||||
// The keyword is the very first space-separated substring, and tells us
|
||||
// how to interpret the rest
|
||||
let keyword = match parts.next() {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => continue,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/// Short for "read", macro for reading something from the iterator and
|
||||
/// converting it into the appropriate format given by $ty. For this to
|
||||
/// work, $ty must implement Construct
|
||||
macro_rules! r {
|
||||
($ty:ty) => {
|
||||
<$ty>::construct(&mut parts, ())
|
||||
.with_context(|| format!("Could not parse {}", stringify!($ty)))?
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
($ty:ty, $($ex:expr),* $(,)?) => {
|
||||
<$ty>::construct(&mut parts, $($ex,)*)
|
||||
.with_context(|| format!("Could not parse {}", stringify!($ty)))?
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Shortcut for unwrapping one of the state `Option's
|
||||
macro_rules! u {
|
||||
($expr:expr) => {
|
||||
match $expr {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => {
|
||||
bail!(
|
||||
"Each object must be preceded by a `{}` line",
|
||||
stringify!($expr)
|
||||
)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
match keyword {
|
||||
"imsize" => {
|
||||
scene.image_width = r!(usize);
|
||||
scene.image_height = r!(usize);
|
||||
}
|
||||
"projection" => {
|
||||
if let Some("parallel") = parts.next() {
|
||||
scene.parallel_projection = true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
"eye" => scene.eye_pos = r!(Vector3<f64>),
|
||||
"viewdir" => scene.view_dir = r!(Vector3<f64>),
|
||||
"updir" => scene.up_dir = r!(Vector3<f64>),
|
||||
|
||||
"hfov" => scene.hfov = r!(f64),
|
||||
"bkgcolor" => scene.bkg_color = r!(Color),
|
||||
|
||||
// light x y z w r g b
|
||||
// attlight x y z w r g b c1 c2 c3
|
||||
"light" | "attlight" => {
|
||||
let vec3 = r!(Vector3<f64>);
|
||||
let w = r!(usize);
|
||||
let color = r!(Color);
|
||||
|
||||
let attenuation = match keyword == "attlight" {
|
||||
true => {
|
||||
let c = r!(Vector3<f64>);
|
||||
Some(Attenuation {
|
||||
c1: c.x,
|
||||
c2: c.y,
|
||||
c3: c.z,
|
||||
})
|
||||
}
|
||||
false => None,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let kind = match w as usize {
|
||||
0 => LightKind::Directional { direction: vec3 },
|
||||
1 => LightKind::Point {
|
||||
location: vec3,
|
||||
attenuation,
|
||||
},
|
||||
_ => bail!("Invalid w; must be either 0 or 1"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let light = Light { kind, color };
|
||||
scene.lights.push(light);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// depthcueing dcr dcg dcb amax amin distmax distmin
|
||||
"depthcueing" => {
|
||||
let color = r!(Color);
|
||||
let a_max = r!(f64);
|
||||
let a_min = r!(f64);
|
||||
let dist_max = r!(f64);
|
||||
let dist_min = r!(f64);
|
||||
|
||||
scene.depth_cueing = DepthCueing {
|
||||
color,
|
||||
a_max,
|
||||
a_min,
|
||||
dist_max,
|
||||
dist_min,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// mtlcolor Odr Odg Odb Osr Osg Osb ka kd ks n
|
||||
"mtlcolor" => {
|
||||
let diffuse_color = r!(Color);
|
||||
let specular_color = r!(Color);
|
||||
let k_a = r!(f64);
|
||||
let k_d = r!(f64);
|
||||
let k_s = r!(f64);
|
||||
let exponent = r!(f64);
|
||||
|
||||
let material = Material {
|
||||
diffuse_color,
|
||||
specular_color,
|
||||
k_a,
|
||||
k_d,
|
||||
k_s,
|
||||
exponent,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let idx = scene.materials.len();
|
||||
material_idx = Some(idx);
|
||||
scene.materials.push(material);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
"sphere" => {
|
||||
let center = r!(Point);
|
||||
let radius = r!(f64);
|
||||
|
||||
scene.objects.push(Object {
|
||||
kind: ObjectKind::Sphere(Sphere { center, radius }),
|
||||
material_idx: u!(material_idx),
|
||||
texture_idx,
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
"cylinder" => {
|
||||
let center = r!(Point);
|
||||
let direction = r!(Vector);
|
||||
let radius = r!(f64);
|
||||
let length = r!(f64);
|
||||
|
||||
scene.objects.push(Object {
|
||||
kind: ObjectKind::Cylinder(Cylinder {
|
||||
center,
|
||||
direction,
|
||||
radius,
|
||||
length,
|
||||
}),
|
||||
material_idx: u!(material_idx),
|
||||
texture_idx,
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Assignment 1C: Triangles and textures
|
||||
|
||||
// v x y z
|
||||
"v" => scene.triangle_vertices.push(r!(Vector)),
|
||||
|
||||
// vn nx ny nz
|
||||
"vn" => scene.vertex_normals.push(r!(Vector)),
|
||||
|
||||
// f v1 v2 v3
|
||||
// f v1//n1 v2//n2 v3//n3
|
||||
"f" => {
|
||||
let v1 = r!(TriangleVertex);
|
||||
let v2 = r!(TriangleVertex);
|
||||
let v3 = r!(TriangleVertex);
|
||||
let vs = Vector3::new(v1, v2, v3);
|
||||
|
||||
let vertices = vs.map(|v| v.vertex_idx);
|
||||
|
||||
let normals = vs.map(|v| v.normal_idx);
|
||||
let normals = match normals.iter().filter(|o| o.is_some()).count() {
|
||||
0 => None,
|
||||
n if n == vs.len() => Some(normals.map(|o| o.unwrap())),
|
||||
_ => bail!("Cannot mix and match having a normal index"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let textures = vs.map(|v| v.texture_idx);
|
||||
let textures = match textures.iter().filter(|o| o.is_some()).count() {
|
||||
0 => None,
|
||||
n if n == vs.len() => Some(textures.map(|o| o.unwrap())),
|
||||
_ => bail!("Cannot mix and match having a normal index"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let triangle = Triangle {
|
||||
vertices,
|
||||
normals,
|
||||
textures,
|
||||
};
|
||||
scene.objects.push(Object {
|
||||
kind: ObjectKind::Triangle(triangle),
|
||||
material_idx: u!(material_idx),
|
||||
texture_idx,
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
"texture" => {
|
||||
let input_parent = path.parent().unwrap().to_path_buf();
|
||||
let path = match parts.next() {
|
||||
Some(s) => input_parent.join(s),
|
||||
None => bail!("Did not provide path."),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let idx = scene.textures.len();
|
||||
texture_idx = Some(idx);
|
||||
|
||||
let image = Image::from_file(path)?;
|
||||
let texture = Texture::new(image);
|
||||
scene.textures.push(texture);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
"bump" => {
|
||||
let input_parent = path.parent().unwrap().to_path_buf();
|
||||
let path = match parts.next() {
|
||||
Some(s) => input_parent.join(s),
|
||||
None => bail!("Did not provide path."),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let idx = scene.textures.len();
|
||||
texture_idx = Some(idx);
|
||||
|
||||
let image = Image::from_file(path)?;
|
||||
let normal_map = NormalMap::new(image);
|
||||
scene.normal_maps.push(normal_map);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
_ => bail!("Unknown keyword {keyword}"),
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(scene)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pub trait Construct: Sized {
|
||||
type Args;
|
||||
|
||||
/// Construct an element of this type from an iterator over strings.
|
||||
fn construct<'a, I>(it: &mut I, args: Self::Args) -> Result<Self>
|
||||
where
|
||||
I: Iterator<Item = &'a str>;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl<T: Construct> Construct for Option<T> {
|
||||
type Args = T::Args;
|
||||
|
||||
fn construct<'a, I>(it: &mut I, args: Self::Args) -> Result<Self>
|
||||
where
|
||||
I: Iterator<Item = &'a str>,
|
||||
{
|
||||
let mut peeker = it.peekable();
|
||||
|
||||
if peeker.peek().is_none() {
|
||||
return Ok(None);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
T::construct(&mut peeker, args).map(Some)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
macro_rules! impl_construct {
|
||||
($ty:ty) => {
|
||||
impl Construct for $ty {
|
||||
type Args = ();
|
||||
|
||||
fn construct<'a, I>(it: &mut I, _: Self::Args) -> Result<Self>
|
||||
where
|
||||
I: Iterator<Item = &'a str>,
|
||||
{
|
||||
let item = match it.next() {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => bail!("Ran out of items"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(item.parse()?)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl_construct!(f64);
|
||||
impl_construct!(usize);
|
||||
|
||||
impl Construct for Vector3<f64> {
|
||||
type Args = ();
|
||||
|
||||
fn construct<'a, I>(it: &mut I, _: Self::Args) -> Result<Self>
|
||||
where
|
||||
I: Iterator<Item = &'a str>,
|
||||
{
|
||||
let (x, y, z) = match it.next_tuple() {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => bail!("Expected 3 values"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let x: f64 = x.parse()?;
|
||||
let y: f64 = y.parse()?;
|
||||
let z: f64 = z.parse()?;
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(Vector3::new(x, y, z))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
|
||||
struct TriangleVertex {
|
||||
vertex_idx: usize,
|
||||
normal_idx: Option<usize>,
|
||||
texture_idx: Option<usize>,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Construct for TriangleVertex {
|
||||
type Args = ();
|
||||
|
||||
fn construct<'a, I>(it: &mut I, _: Self::Args) -> Result<Self>
|
||||
where
|
||||
I: Iterator<Item = &'a str>,
|
||||
{
|
||||
let s = match it.next() {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => bail!("Waiting on another"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// Note: indexed by 1 not 0, so we will just do the subtraction
|
||||
// here to avoid having to deal with it later
|
||||
let parts = s.split("/").collect_vec();
|
||||
ensure!(parts.len() >= 1 && parts.len() <= 3);
|
||||
let vertex_idx: usize = parts[0].parse::<usize>()? - 1;
|
||||
|
||||
let texture_idx =
|
||||
match parts.get(1).and_then(|s| (!s.is_empty()).then(|| *s)) {
|
||||
Some(s) => Some(s.parse::<usize>()? - 1),
|
||||
None => None,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let normal_idx =
|
||||
match parts.get(2).and_then(|s| (!s.is_empty()).then(|| *s)) {
|
||||
Some(s) => Some(s.parse::<usize>()? - 1),
|
||||
None => None,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(TriangleVertex {
|
||||
vertex_idx,
|
||||
texture_idx,
|
||||
normal_idx,
|
||||
})
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
51
assignment-1d/src/scene/mod.rs
Normal file
51
assignment-1d/src/scene/mod.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
|||
pub mod cylinder;
|
||||
pub mod data;
|
||||
pub mod illumination;
|
||||
pub mod input_file;
|
||||
pub mod object;
|
||||
pub mod sphere;
|
||||
pub mod texture;
|
||||
pub mod triangle;
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::image::Color;
|
||||
use crate::{Point, Point2, Vector};
|
||||
|
||||
use self::data::{Attenuation, DepthCueing, Light, Material};
|
||||
use self::object::Object;
|
||||
use self::texture::{Texture, NormalMap};
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
|
||||
pub struct Scene {
|
||||
pub eye_pos: Point,
|
||||
pub view_dir: Vector,
|
||||
pub up_dir: Vector,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Horizontal field of view (in degrees)
|
||||
pub hfov: f64,
|
||||
pub parallel_projection: bool,
|
||||
|
||||
pub image_width: usize,
|
||||
pub image_height: usize,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Background color
|
||||
pub bkg_color: Color,
|
||||
pub depth_cueing: DepthCueing,
|
||||
pub attenuation: Attenuation,
|
||||
|
||||
pub materials: Vec<Material>,
|
||||
pub lights: Vec<Light>,
|
||||
pub objects: Vec<Object>,
|
||||
|
||||
/// List of textures
|
||||
pub textures: Vec<Texture>,
|
||||
|
||||
/// List of normal maps (Extra credit)
|
||||
pub normal_maps: Vec<NormalMap>,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Coordinates into a texture image
|
||||
pub texture_vertices: Vec<Point2>,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Triangle vertices
|
||||
pub triangle_vertices: Vec<Point>,
|
||||
pub vertex_normals: Vec<Vector>,
|
||||
}
|
||||
61
assignment-1d/src/scene/object.rs
Normal file
61
assignment-1d/src/scene/object.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
|||
use anyhow::Result;
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::ray::Ray;
|
||||
|
||||
use super::cylinder::Cylinder;
|
||||
use super::illumination::IntersectionContext;
|
||||
use super::sphere::Sphere;
|
||||
use super::triangle::Triangle;
|
||||
use super::Scene;
|
||||
|
||||
/// An object in the scene
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Object {
|
||||
pub kind: ObjectKind,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Index into the scene's material color list
|
||||
pub material_idx: usize,
|
||||
|
||||
/// If this object has a texture, this is the index into the texture list
|
||||
pub texture_idx: Option<usize>,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub enum ObjectKind {
|
||||
Sphere(Sphere),
|
||||
Cylinder(Cylinder),
|
||||
Triangle(Triangle),
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl ObjectKind {
|
||||
/// Determine where the ray intersects this object, returning the earliest
|
||||
/// time this happens. Returns None if no intersection occurs.
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// Also known as Trace_Ray in the slides, except not the part where it calls
|
||||
/// Shade_Ray.
|
||||
pub fn intersects_ray_at(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
scene: &Scene,
|
||||
ray: &Ray,
|
||||
) -> Result<Option<IntersectionContext>> {
|
||||
match self {
|
||||
ObjectKind::Sphere(sphere) => sphere.intersects_ray_at(scene, ray),
|
||||
ObjectKind::Cylinder(cylinder) => cylinder.intersects_ray_at(scene, ray),
|
||||
ObjectKind::Triangle(triangle) => triangle.intersects_ray_at(scene, ray),
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Get the (u, v) coordinates in the texture (between 0 and 1) that
|
||||
/// corresponds to the intersection point
|
||||
pub fn get_texture_coord(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
scene: &Scene,
|
||||
ctx: &IntersectionContext,
|
||||
) -> Result<(f64, f64)> {
|
||||
match self {
|
||||
ObjectKind::Sphere(sphere) => sphere.get_texture_coord(ctx),
|
||||
ObjectKind::Cylinder(cylinder) => todo!(),
|
||||
ObjectKind::Triangle(triangle) => triangle.get_texture_coord(scene, ctx),
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
94
assignment-1d/src/scene/sphere.rs
Normal file
94
assignment-1d/src/scene/sphere.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
|
|||
use std::f64::consts::PI;
|
||||
|
||||
use anyhow::Result;
|
||||
use ordered_float::NotNan;
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::{ray::Ray, utils::min_f64, Point};
|
||||
|
||||
use super::illumination::IntersectionContext;
|
||||
use super::Scene;
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Sphere {
|
||||
pub center: Point,
|
||||
pub radius: f64,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Sphere {
|
||||
/// Given a sphere, returns the first time at which this ray intersects the
|
||||
/// sphere.
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// If there is no intersection point, returns None.
|
||||
pub fn intersects_ray_at(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
_: &Scene,
|
||||
ray: &Ray,
|
||||
) -> Result<Option<IntersectionContext>> {
|
||||
let a = ray.direction.norm();
|
||||
let b = 2.0
|
||||
* (ray.direction.x * (ray.origin.x - self.center.x)
|
||||
+ ray.direction.y * (ray.origin.y - self.center.y)
|
||||
+ ray.direction.z * (ray.origin.z - self.center.z));
|
||||
let c = (ray.origin.x - self.center.x).powi(2)
|
||||
+ (ray.origin.y - self.center.y).powi(2)
|
||||
+ (ray.origin.z - self.center.z).powi(2)
|
||||
- self.radius.powi(2);
|
||||
let discriminant = b * b - 4.0 * a * c;
|
||||
|
||||
let time = match discriminant {
|
||||
// Discriminant < 0, means the equation has no solutions.
|
||||
d if d < 0.0 => None,
|
||||
|
||||
// Discriminant == 0
|
||||
d if d == 0.0 => Some(-b / (2.0 * a)),
|
||||
|
||||
d if d > 0.0 => {
|
||||
let solution_1 = (-b + discriminant.sqrt()) / (2.0 * a);
|
||||
let solution_2 = (-b - discriminant.sqrt()) / (2.0 * a);
|
||||
|
||||
let solutions = [solution_1, solution_2]
|
||||
.into_iter()
|
||||
// Remove any t < 0, since that means it's behind the viewer and we
|
||||
// can't see it.
|
||||
.filter(|t| *t >= 0.0);
|
||||
|
||||
// Return the minimum solution
|
||||
min_f64(solutions)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Probably hit some NaN or Infinity value due to faulty inputs...
|
||||
_ => unreachable!("Invalid determinant value: {discriminant}"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let time = match time.and_then(|t| NotNan::new(t).ok()) {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => return Ok(None),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let point = ray.eval(*time);
|
||||
let normal = (point - self.center).normalize();
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(Some(IntersectionContext {
|
||||
time,
|
||||
point,
|
||||
normal,
|
||||
}))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pub fn get_texture_coord(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
ctx: &IntersectionContext,
|
||||
) -> Result<(f64, f64)> {
|
||||
// Reverse engineer the angles from the coordinate of the intersection
|
||||
let cosp = (ctx.point.z - self.center.z) / self.radius;
|
||||
let phi = cosp.acos();
|
||||
let theta =
|
||||
(ctx.point.y - self.center.y).atan2(ctx.point.x - self.center.x);
|
||||
|
||||
// Map theta and phi into 0 - 1 range
|
||||
let v = phi / PI;
|
||||
let u = 0.5 + theta / (2.0 * PI);
|
||||
|
||||
Ok((u, v))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
64
assignment-1d/src/scene/texture.rs
Normal file
64
assignment-1d/src/scene/texture.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
|
|||
use crate::{
|
||||
image::{Color, Image},
|
||||
Vector,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Texture(Image);
|
||||
|
||||
impl Texture {
|
||||
pub fn new(image: Image) -> Self {
|
||||
Self(image)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pub fn pixel_at_exact(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Color {
|
||||
// TODO: Debug asserts?
|
||||
|
||||
self.0.data[y * self.0.width + x]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Returns a pixel at the given coordinate. For non-lattice coordinates,
|
||||
/// bi-linear interpolation of the image is done.
|
||||
pub fn pixel_at(&self, u: f64, v: f64) -> Color {
|
||||
debug_assert!(0.0 <= u && u <= 1.0, "u must be between 0 and 1");
|
||||
debug_assert!(0.0 <= v && v <= 1.0, "u must be between 0 and 1");
|
||||
|
||||
// Slide 121
|
||||
let x = u * (self.0.width - 1) as f64;
|
||||
let y = v * (self.0.height - 1) as f64;
|
||||
|
||||
let i = x.floor();
|
||||
let j = y.floor();
|
||||
|
||||
let alpha = x - i;
|
||||
let beta = y - j;
|
||||
|
||||
let i = i as usize;
|
||||
let j = j as usize;
|
||||
|
||||
(1.0 - alpha) * (1.0 - beta) * self.pixel_at_exact(i, j)
|
||||
+ (alpha) * (1.0 - beta) * self.pixel_at_exact(i + 1, j)
|
||||
+ (1.0 - alpha) * (beta) * self.pixel_at_exact(i, j + 1)
|
||||
+ (alpha) * (beta) * self.pixel_at_exact(i + 1, j + 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct NormalMap(Image);
|
||||
|
||||
impl NormalMap {
|
||||
pub fn new(image: Image) -> Self {
|
||||
Self(image)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pub fn normal_vector_at_exact(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Vector {
|
||||
let vec = self.0.data[y * self.0.width + x];
|
||||
|
||||
// So, according to the instructions, this should actually be a value
|
||||
// between -1 and 1. However, we're reading this in through an image.
|
||||
// I'm just going to do the lazy thing here (which theoretically
|
||||
// actually saves cycles) by only doing the transformation when loading
|
||||
// out of the image
|
||||
vec.map(|value| 2.0 * value / 255.0 - 1.0)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
184
assignment-1d/src/scene/triangle.rs
Normal file
184
assignment-1d/src/scene/triangle.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
|
|||
use std::f64::EPSILON;
|
||||
|
||||
use anyhow::Result;
|
||||
use nalgebra::{Matrix2, Vector2, Vector3};
|
||||
use ordered_float::NotNan;
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::ray::Ray;
|
||||
use crate::utils::{cross, dot};
|
||||
use crate::{Point, Vector};
|
||||
|
||||
use super::illumination::IntersectionContext;
|
||||
use super::Scene;
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct Triangle {
|
||||
/// Indexes into the scene's vertex list
|
||||
pub vertices: Vector3<usize>,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Indexes into the scene's normal coordinates list
|
||||
pub normals: Option<Vector3<usize>>,
|
||||
|
||||
/// Indexes into the scene's texture coordinates list
|
||||
pub textures: Option<Vector3<usize>>,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Triangle {
|
||||
pub fn intersects_ray_at(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
scene: &Scene,
|
||||
ray: &Ray,
|
||||
) -> Result<Option<IntersectionContext>> {
|
||||
let (p0, e1, e2) = self.basis_vectors(scene);
|
||||
|
||||
// Solve for the plane equation coefficients A, B, C, D such that:
|
||||
//
|
||||
// $$
|
||||
// Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
|
||||
// $$
|
||||
let n = cross(e1, e2);
|
||||
let a = n.x;
|
||||
let b = n.y;
|
||||
let c = n.z;
|
||||
|
||||
// Sub in p0 to solve for D
|
||||
let d = -(a * p0.x + b * p0.y + c * p0.z);
|
||||
|
||||
// Find the intersection point
|
||||
let time = {
|
||||
let (x0, y0, z0, xd, yd, zd) =
|
||||
match (ray.origin.as_slice(), ray.direction.as_slice()) {
|
||||
([x0, y0, z0], [xd, yd, zd]) => (x0, y0, z0, xd, yd, zd),
|
||||
_ => unreachable!("lol rip no tuple interface"),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let denom = a * xd + b * yd + c * zd;
|
||||
if denom == 0.0 {
|
||||
// The ray is parallel to the plane, so there is no intersection point.
|
||||
return Ok(None);
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
-(a * x0 + b * y0 + c * z0 + d) / denom
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let time = NotNan::new(time)?;
|
||||
let point = ray.eval(*time);
|
||||
|
||||
// Use barycentric coordinates to determine if the point is inside of the
|
||||
// triangle
|
||||
// p = p0 + beta * e1 + gamma * e2
|
||||
// Using the whack linear algebra approach derived on slide 57
|
||||
let ep = point - p0;
|
||||
let p = Vector2::new(dot(e1, ep), dot(e2, ep));
|
||||
|
||||
let (alpha, beta, gamma) =
|
||||
self.compute_barycentric_coordinates(scene, p)?;
|
||||
|
||||
// Each of alpha, beta, and gamma must be between 0 and 1
|
||||
if ![alpha, beta, gamma]
|
||||
.into_iter()
|
||||
.all(|v| 0.0 - EPSILON <= v && v <= 1.0 + EPSILON)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return Ok(None);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
let normal = match self.normals {
|
||||
// If surface normals are provided, then interpolate the normals to do
|
||||
// smooth shading
|
||||
Some(normals) => {
|
||||
let n0 = scene.vertex_normals[normals.x];
|
||||
let n1 = scene.vertex_normals[normals.y];
|
||||
let n2 = scene.vertex_normals[normals.z];
|
||||
|
||||
(alpha * n0 + beta * n1 + gamma * n2).normalize()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
None => n.normalize(),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(Some(IntersectionContext {
|
||||
time,
|
||||
point,
|
||||
normal,
|
||||
}))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Get the (u, v) texture coordinates corresponding to the point provided in
|
||||
/// the intersection context
|
||||
pub fn get_texture_coord(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
scene: &Scene,
|
||||
ctx: &IntersectionContext,
|
||||
) -> Result<(f64, f64)> {
|
||||
let texture_coordinates = match self.textures {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => {
|
||||
bail!("Textured triangle requested without providing coordinates")
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let p0 = scene.texture_vertices[texture_coordinates.x];
|
||||
let p1 = scene.texture_vertices[texture_coordinates.y];
|
||||
let p2 = scene.texture_vertices[texture_coordinates.z];
|
||||
|
||||
let p = self.convert_point(scene, ctx.point);
|
||||
let (alpha, beta, gamma) =
|
||||
self.compute_barycentric_coordinates(scene, p)?;
|
||||
|
||||
let u = alpha * p0.x + beta * p1.x + gamma * p2.x;
|
||||
let v = alpha * p0.y + beta * p1.y + gamma * p2.y;
|
||||
|
||||
Ok((u, v))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn convert_point(&self, scene: &Scene, point: Point) -> Vector2<f64> {
|
||||
let (p0, e1, e2) = self.basis_vectors(scene);
|
||||
|
||||
let ep = point - p0;
|
||||
Vector2::new(dot(e1, ep), dot(e2, ep))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Fetch the corners of the triangles from the scene
|
||||
#[inline]
|
||||
fn corner_coordinates(&self, scene: &Scene) -> (Point, Point, Point) {
|
||||
let p0 = scene.triangle_vertices[self.vertices.x];
|
||||
let p1 = scene.triangle_vertices[self.vertices.y];
|
||||
let p2 = scene.triangle_vertices[self.vertices.z];
|
||||
|
||||
(p0, p1, p2)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Get the new basis vectors using p0 as the origin. Returns (p0, e1, e2)
|
||||
#[inline]
|
||||
fn basis_vectors(&self, scene: &Scene) -> (Vector, Vector, Vector) {
|
||||
let (p0, p1, p2) = self.corner_coordinates(scene);
|
||||
let e1 = p1 - p0;
|
||||
let e2 = p2 - p0;
|
||||
(p0, e1, e2)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Compute barycentric coordinates
|
||||
fn compute_barycentric_coordinates(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
scene: &Scene,
|
||||
p: Vector2<f64>,
|
||||
) -> Result<(f64, f64, f64)> {
|
||||
let (_, e1, e2) = self.basis_vectors(scene);
|
||||
let d = Matrix2::new(dot(e1, e1), dot(e1, e2), dot(e2, e1), dot(e2, e2));
|
||||
|
||||
let d_inv = match d.try_inverse() {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
// TODO: Whack
|
||||
None => bail!("No inverse..."),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let sol = d_inv * p;
|
||||
let beta = sol.x;
|
||||
let gamma = sol.y;
|
||||
|
||||
// Slide 46
|
||||
let alpha = 1.0 - beta - gamma;
|
||||
|
||||
Ok((alpha, beta, gamma))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
95
assignment-1d/src/utils.rs
Normal file
95
assignment-1d/src/utils.rs
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
|
|||
use anyhow::Result;
|
||||
use nalgebra::{Matrix3, Vector3};
|
||||
use ordered_float::NotNan;
|
||||
|
||||
use crate::{Vector};
|
||||
|
||||
/// Finds the minimum of an iterator of f64s, ignoring any NaN values
|
||||
#[inline]
|
||||
pub fn min_f64<I>(i: I) -> Option<f64>
|
||||
where
|
||||
I: Iterator<Item = f64>,
|
||||
{
|
||||
i.filter_map(|i| NotNan::new(i).ok())
|
||||
.min()
|
||||
.map(|i| i.into_inner())
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Finds the minimum of an iterator of f64s using the given predicate, ignoring
|
||||
/// any NaN values
|
||||
#[inline]
|
||||
pub fn min_f64_by_key<I, F>(i: I, f: F) -> Option<f64>
|
||||
where
|
||||
I: Iterator<Item = f64>,
|
||||
F: FnMut(&NotNan<f64>),
|
||||
{
|
||||
i.filter_map(|i| NotNan::new(i).ok())
|
||||
.min_by_key(f)
|
||||
.map(|i| i.into_inner())
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Dot-product between two 3D vectors.
|
||||
#[inline]
|
||||
pub fn dot(a: Vector, b: Vector) -> f64 {
|
||||
a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Cross-product between two 3D vectors.
|
||||
#[inline]
|
||||
pub fn cross(a: Vector, b: Vector) -> Vector {
|
||||
let x = a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y;
|
||||
let y = a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z;
|
||||
let z = a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x;
|
||||
Vector::new(x, y, z)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Calculate the rotation matrix between the 2 given vectors
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// Based on the method given [here][1].
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// [1]: https://math.stackexchange.com/a/897677
|
||||
pub fn compute_rotation_matrix(
|
||||
a: Vector3<f64>,
|
||||
b: Vector3<f64>,
|
||||
) -> Result<Matrix3<f64>> {
|
||||
// Special case: if a and b are in the same direction, just return the
|
||||
// identity matrix.
|
||||
if a.normalize() == b.normalize() {
|
||||
return Ok(Matrix3::identity());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
let cos_t = dot(a, b);
|
||||
let sin_t = cross(a, b).norm();
|
||||
|
||||
let g = Matrix3::new(cos_t, -sin_t, 0.0, sin_t, cos_t, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
|
||||
|
||||
// New basis vectors
|
||||
let u = a;
|
||||
let v = (b - cos_t * a).normalize();
|
||||
let w = cross(b, a);
|
||||
|
||||
// Not sure if this is required to be invertible?
|
||||
let f_inverse = Matrix3::from_columns(&[u, v, w]);
|
||||
let f = match f_inverse.try_inverse() {
|
||||
Some(v) => v,
|
||||
None => {
|
||||
// So I ran into this case trying to compute the rotation matrix where one
|
||||
// of the vector endpoints was (0, 0, 0). I'm pretty sure this case makes
|
||||
// no sense in reality, which means if I ever encounter this case, I
|
||||
// probably made a mistake somewhere before. So going to just error
|
||||
// out here and screw recovering.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// println!("Failed to compute inverse matrix.");
|
||||
// println!("- Initial: a = {a}, b = {b}");
|
||||
// println!("- cos(t) = {cos_t}, sin(t) = {sin_t}");
|
||||
// println!("- Basis: u = {u}, v = {v}, w = {w}");
|
||||
bail!("Failed to compute inverse matrix of {f_inverse}\na = {a}\nb = {b}")
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// if (f_inverse * g * f).norm() != 1.0 {
|
||||
// bail!("WTF {}", (f_inverse * g * f).norm());
|
||||
// }
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(f_inverse * g * f)
|
||||
}
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue