astro/docs/styling.md
2021-04-20 17:15:47 -06:00

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# 💅 Styling
Styling in Astro is meant to be as flexible as youd like it to be! The following options are all supported:
| Framework | Global CSS | Scoped CSS | CSS Modules |
| :--------------- | :--------: | :--------: | :---------: |
| Astro (`.astro`) | ✅ | ✅ | N/A¹ |
| React / Preact | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| Vue | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| Svelte | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
¹ _`.astro` files have no runtime, therefore Scoped CSS takes the place of CSS Modules (styles are still scoped to components, but dont need dynamic values)_
#### 🖍 Styling by Framework
##### Astro
Styling in an Astro component is done by adding a `<style>` tag anywhere. By default, all styles are **scoped**, meaning they only apply to the current component. To create global styles, add a `:global()` wrapper around a selector (the same as if you were using [CSS Modules][css-modules]).
```html
<!-- astro/components/MyComponent.astro -->
<style>
/* Scoped class selector within the component */
.scoped {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* Scoped element selector within the component */
h1 {
color: red;
}
/* Global style */
:global(h1) {
font-size: 32px;
}
</style>
<div class="scoped">Im a scoped style and only apply to this component</div>
<h1>I have both scoped and global styles</h1>
```
**Tips**
- `<style>` tags within `.astro` files will be extracted and optimized for you on build. So you can write CSS without worrying too much about delivery.
- For best result, only have one `<style>` tag per-Astro component. This isnt necessarily a limitation, but it may result in better optimization at buildtime.
- If you want to import third-party libraries into an Astro component, you can use [Sass][sass]! In particular, [@use][sass-use] may come in handy (e.g. `@use "bootstrap/scss/bootstrap"`);
#### React / Preact
`.jsx` files support both global CSS and CSS Modules. To enable the latter, use the `.module.css` extension (or `.module.scss`/`.module.sass` if using Sass).
```js
import './global.css'; // include global CSS
import Styles from './styles.module.css'; // Use CSS Modules (must end in `.module.css`, `.module.scss`, or `.module.sass`!)
```
##### Vue
Vue in Astro supports the same methods as `vue-loader` does:
- [Scoped CSS][vue-scoped]
- [CSS Modules][vue-css-modules]
##### Svelte
Svelte in Astro also works exactly as expected: [Svelte Styling Docs][svelte-style].
#### 👓 Sass
Astro also supports [Sass][sass] out-of-the-box. To enable for each framework:
- **Astro**: `<style lang="scss">` or `<style lang="sass">`
- **React** / **Preact**: `import Styles from './styles.module.scss'`;
- **Vue**: `<style lang="scss">` or `<style lang="sass">`
- **Svelte**: `<style lang="scss">` or `<style lang="sass">`
#### 🦊 Autoprefixer
We also automatically add browser prefixes using [Autoprefixer][autoprefixer]. By default, Astro loads the default values, but you may also specify your own by placing a [Browserslist][browserslist] file in your project root.
#### 🍃 Tailwind
Astro can be configured to use [Tailwind][tailwind] easily! Install the dependencies:
```
npm install --save-dev tailwindcss
```
And also create a `tailwind.config.js` in your project root:
```js
// tailwind.config.js
module.exports = {
mode: 'jit',
purge: ['./public/**/*.html', './astro/**/*.{astro,js,jsx,ts,tsx,vue}'],
// more options here
};
```
Then add [Tailwind utilities][tailwind-utilities] to any Astro component that needs it:
```html
<style>
@tailwind base;
@tailwind components;
@tailwind utilities;
</style>
```
You should see Tailwind styles compile successfully in Astro.
💁 **Tip**: to reduce duplication, try loading `@tailwind base` from a parent page (`./pages/*.astro`) instead of the component itself.
[autoprefixer]: https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer
[browserslist]: https://github.com/browserslist/browserslist
[css-modules]: https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules
[vue-css-modules]: https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/guide/css-modules.html
[vue-scoped]: https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/guide/scoped-css.html
[sass]: https://sass-lang.com/
[sass-use]: https://sass-lang.com/documentation/at-rules/use
[svelte-style]: https://svelte.dev/docs#style
[tailwind]: https://tailwindcss.com
[tailwind-utilities]: https://tailwindcss.com/docs/adding-new-utilities#using-css