astro/packages/integrations/cloudflare/README.md

# @astrojs/cloudflare

An SSR adapter for use with Cloudflare Pages Functions targets. Write your code in Astro/Javascript and deploy to Cloudflare Pages.

## Install

Add the Cloudflare adapter to enable SSR in your Astro project with the following `astro add` command. This will install the adapter and make the appropriate changes to your `astro.config.mjs` file in one step.

```sh
# Using NPM
npx astro add cloudflare
# Using Yarn
yarn astro add cloudflare
# Using PNPM
pnpm astro add cloudflare
```

If you prefer to install the adapter manually instead, complete the following two steps:

1. Add the Cloudflare adapter to your project's dependencies using your preferred package manager. If you’re using npm or aren’t sure, run this in the terminal:

```bash
npm install @astrojs/cloudflare
```

2. Add the following to your `astro.config.mjs` file:

```diff lang="ts"
  // astro.config.mjs
  import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
+ import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

  export default defineConfig({
+   output: 'server',
+   adapter: cloudflare(),
  });
```

## Options

### Mode

`mode: "advanced" | "directory"`

default `"advanced"`

Cloudflare Pages has 2 different modes for deploying functions, `advanced` mode which picks up the `_worker.js` in `dist`, or a directory mode where pages will compile the worker out of a functions folder in the project root. For most projects the adapter default of `advanced` will be sufficient; the `dist` folder will contain your compiled project.

#### `mode:directory`

Switching to directory mode allows you to use [pages plugins](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/functions/plugins/) such as [Sentry](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/functions/plugins/sentry/) or write custom code to enable logging.

```ts
// astro.config.mjs
export default defineConfig({
  adapter: cloudflare({ mode: 'directory' }),
});
```

In `directory` mode, the adapter will compile the client-side part of your app the same way as in `advanced` mode by default, but moves the worker script into a `functions` folder in the project root. In this case, the adapter will only ever place a `[[path]].js` in that folder, allowing you to add additional plugins and pages middleware which can be checked into version control.

To instead compile a separate bundle for each page, set the `functionPerPath` option in your Cloudflare adapter config. This option requires some manual maintenance of the `functions` folder. Files emitted by Astro will overwrite existing `functions` files with identical names, so you must choose unique file names for each file you manually add. Additionally, the adapter will never empty the `functions` folder of outdated files, so you must clean up the folder manually when you remove pages.

```diff lang="ts"
  // astro.config.mjs
  import {defineConfig} from "astro/config";
  import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

  export default defineConfig({
    adapter: cloudflare({
      mode: 'directory',
+     functionPerRoute: true
    })
  })
```

Note that this adapter does not support using [Cloudflare Pages Middleware](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/functions/middleware/). Astro will bundle the [Astro middleware](https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/middleware/) into each page.

### routes.strategy

`routes.strategy: "auto" | "include" | "exclude"`

default `"auto"`

Determines how `routes.json` will be generated if no [custom `_routes.json`](#custom-_routesjson) is provided.

There are three options available:

- **`"auto"` (default):** Will automatically select the strategy that generates the fewest entries. This should almost always be sufficient, so choose this option unless you have a specific reason not to.

- **`include`:** Pages and endpoints that are not pre-rendered are listed as `include` entries, telling Cloudflare to invoke these routes as functions. `exclude` entries are only used to resolve conflicts. Usually the best strategy when your website has mostly static pages and only a few dynamic pages or endpoints.

  Example: For `src/pages/index.astro` (static), `src/pages/company.astro` (static), `src/pages/users/faq.astro` (static) and `/src/pages/users/[id].astro` (SSR) this will produce the following `_routes.json`:

  ```json
  {
    "version": 1,
    "include": [
      "/_image", // Astro's image endpoint
      "/users/*" // Dynamic route
    ],
    "exclude": [
      // Static routes that needs to be exempted from the dynamic wildcard route above
      "/users/faq/",
      "/users/faq/index.html"
    ]
  }
  ```

- **`exclude`:** Pre-rendered pages are listed as `exclude` entries (telling Cloudflare to handle these routes as static assets). Usually the best strategy when your website has mostly dynamic pages or endpoints and only a few static pages.

  Example: For the same pages as in the previous example this will produce the following `_routes.json`:

  ```json
  {
    "version": 1,
    "include": [
      "/*" // Handle everything as function except the routes below
    ],
    "exclude": [
      // All static assets
      "/",
      "/company/",
      "/index.html",
      "/users/faq/",
      "/favicon.png",
      "/company/index.html",
      "/users/faq/index.html"
    ]
  }
  ```

### routes.include

`routes.include: string[]`

default `[]`

If you want to use the automatic `_routes.json` generation, but want to include additional routes (e.g. when having custom functions in the `functions` folder), you can use the `routes.include` option to add additional routes to the `include` array.

### routes.exclude

`routes.exclude: string[]`

default `[]`

If you want to use the automatic `_routes.json` generation, but want to exclude additional routes, you can use the `routes.exclude` option to add additional routes to the `exclude` array.

The following example automatically generates `_routes.json` while including and excluding additional routes. Note that that is only necessary if you have custom functions in the `functions` folder that are not handled by Astro.

```diff lang="ts"
  // astro.config.mjs
  export default defineConfig({
    adapter: cloudflare({
      mode: 'directory',
+     routes: {
+       strategy: 'include',
+       include: ['/users/*'], // handled by custom function: functions/users/[id].js
+       exclude: ['/users/faq'], // handled by static page: pages/users/faq.astro
+     },
    }),
  });
```

## Enabling Preview

In order for preview to work you must install `wrangler`

```sh
pnpm install wrangler --save-dev
```

It's then possible to update the preview script in your `package.json` to `"preview": "wrangler pages dev ./dist"`. This will allow you to run your entire application locally with [Wrangler](https://github.com/cloudflare/wrangler2), which supports secrets, environment variables, KV namespaces, Durable Objects and [all other supported Cloudflare bindings](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/functions/#adding-bindings).

## Access to the Cloudflare runtime

You can access all the Cloudflare bindings and environment variables from Astro components and API routes through `Astro.locals`.

If you're inside an `.astro` file, you access the runtime using the `Astro.locals` global:

```astro
const env = Astro.locals.runtime.env;
```

From an endpoint:

```js
// src/pages/api/someFile.js
export function GET(context) {
  const runtime = context.locals.runtime;

  return new Response('Some body');
}
```

Depending on your adapter mode (advanced = worker, directory = pages), the runtime object will look a little different due to differences in the Cloudflare API.

If you're using the `advanced` runtime, you can type the `runtime` object as following:

```ts
// src/env.d.ts
/// <reference types="astro/client" />
import type { AdvancedRuntime } from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

type ENV = {
  SERVER_URL: string;
};

declare namespace App {
  interface Locals extends AdvancedRuntime<ENV> {
    user: {
      name: string;
      surname: string;
    };
  }
}
```

If you're using the `directory` runtime, you can type the `runtime` object as following:

```ts
// src/env.d.ts
/// <reference types="astro/client" />
import type { DirectoryRuntime } from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

type ENV = {
  SERVER_URL: string;
};

declare namespace App {
  interface Locals extends DirectoryRuntime<ENV> {
    user: {
      name: string;
      surname: string;
    };
  }
}
```

### Environment Variables

See Cloudflare's documentation for [working with environment variables](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/functions/bindings/#environment-variables).

```js
// pages/[id].json.js

export function GET({ params }) {
  // Access environment variables per request inside a function
  const serverUrl = import.meta.env.SERVER_URL;
  const result = await fetch(serverUrl + "/user/" + params.id);
  return {
    body: await result.text(),
  };
}
```

### `cloudflare.runtime`

`runtime: "off" | "local" | "remote"`
default `"off"`

This optional flag enables the Astro dev server to populate environment variables and the Cloudflare Request Object, avoiding the need for Wrangler.

- `local`: environment variables are available, but the request object is populated from a static placeholder value.
- `remote`: environment variables and the live, fetched request object are available.
- `off`: the Astro dev server will populate neither environment variables nor the request object. Use Wrangler to access Cloudflare bindings and environment variables.

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: cloudflare({
    runtime: 'off' | 'local' | 'remote',
  }),
});
```

## Wasm module imports

`wasmModuleImports: boolean`

default: `false`

Whether or not to import `.wasm` files [directly as ES modules](https://github.com/WebAssembly/esm-integration/tree/main/proposals/esm-integration).

Add `wasmModuleImports: true` to `astro.config.mjs` to enable in both the Cloudflare build and the Astro dev server.

```diff lang="ts"
  // astro.config.mjs
  import {defineConfig} from "astro/config";
  import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

  export default defineConfig({
    adapter: cloudflare({
+     wasmModuleImports: true
    }),
    output: 'server'
  })
```

Once enabled, you can import a web assembly module in Astro with a `.wasm?module` import.

The following is an example of importing a Wasm module that then responds to requests by adding the request's number parameters together.

```js
// pages/add/[a]/[b].js
import mod from '../util/add.wasm?module';

// instantiate ahead of time to share module
const addModule: any = new WebAssembly.Instance(mod);

export async function GET(context) {
  const a = Number.parseInt(context.params.a);
  const b = Number.parseInt(context.params.b);
  return new Response(`${addModule.exports.add(a, b)}`);
}
```

While this example is trivial, Wasm can be used to accelerate computationally intensive operations which do not involve significant I/O such as embedding an image processing library.

## Headers, Redirects and function invocation routes

Cloudflare has support for adding custom [headers](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/headers/), configuring static [redirects](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/redirects/) and defining which routes should [invoke functions](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/functions/routing/#function-invocation-routes). Cloudflare looks for `_headers`, `_redirects`, and `_routes.json` files in your build output directory to configure these features. This means they should be placed in your Astro project’s `public/` directory.

### Custom `_routes.json`

By default, `@astrojs/cloudflare` will generate a `_routes.json` file with `include` and `exclude` rules based on your applications's dynamic and static routes.
This will enable Cloudflare to serve files and process static redirects without a function invocation. Creating a custom `_routes.json` will override this automatic optimization and, if not configured manually, cause function invocations that will count against the request limits of your Cloudflare plan.

See [Cloudflare's documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/platform/functions/routing/#create-a-_routesjson-file) for more details.

## Node.js compatibility

Astro's Cloudflare adapter allows you to use any Node.js runtime API supported by Cloudflare:

- assert
- AsyncLocalStorage
- Buffer
- Diagnostics Channel
- EventEmitter
- path
- process
- Streams
- StringDecoder
- util

To use these APIs, your page or endpoint must be server-side rendered (not pre-rendered) and must use the the `import {} from 'node:*'` import syntax.

```js
// pages/api/endpoint.js
export const prerender = false;
import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
```

Additionally, you'll need to enable the Compatibility Flag in Cloudflare. The configuration for this flag may vary based on where you deploy your Astro site.

For detailed guidance, please refer to the [Cloudflare documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/runtime-apis/nodejs).

## Troubleshooting

For help, check out the `#support` channel on [Discord](https://astro.build/chat). Our friendly Support Squad members are here to help!

You can also check our [Astro Integration Documentation][astro-integration] for more on integrations.

### Meaningful error messages

Currently, errors during running your application in Wrangler are not very useful, due to the minification of your code. For better debugging, you can add `vite.build.minify = false` setting to your `astro.config.mjs`.

```diff lang="js"
  // astro.config.mjs
  export default defineConfig({
    adapter: cloudflare(),
    output: 'server',

+   vite: {
+     build: {
+       minify: false,
+     },
+   },
  });
```

## Contributing

This package is maintained by Astro's Core team. You're welcome to submit an issue or PR!

[astro-integration]: https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/integrations-guide/