Add new NixOS install post

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content/posts/2022-05-09-installing-nixos-on-encrypted-zfs.md

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+title = "Installing NixOS on ZFS with encryption"
+date = 2022-05-09
+tags = ["nixos", "linux", "setup"]
+draft = true
+toc = true
++++
+
+This is mostly to serve as a reference for how I set up my machine, so I can
+look back on it later. I'll be installing NixOS on my desktop, with the
+following specs:
+
+- CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 3700X
+- GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 Ti
+- RAM: 80GB
+- Storage:
+  - SSD1: 1TB Samsung SSD 860 (encrypted), which I'm migrating off of
+  - SSD2: 2TB Crucial MX500 (encrypted), which I'm migrating to
+  - HDD: 3TB HITACHI HUA72303 (unencrypted), which serves as storage for music
+      and games.
+
+I already have my [Nix flake][1] setup for my other machines, but of those only
+my server runs NixOS. Instead, all my other machines use Arch Linux with just
+the Nix package manager installed on top.
+
+[1]: https://git.sr.ht/~mzhang/flake
+
+## Installation Media
+
+Since I'm using two SSDs, I don't bother with flashing the installation media on
+a USB stick and rebooting into that. I can just use Nix to get the tools that I
+need:
+
+```
+nix shell nixpkgs#nixos-install-tools
+```
+
+This will get me scripts like `nixos-generate-config` and `nixos-install` which
+I'll need for my setup.
+
+## Disk Setup
+
+First, I identified my disks. This can be done using `ls -l /dev/disk/by-id` and
+identifying the one corresponding to your disk.
+
+```
+export SSD1=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-Samsung_SSD_860_EVO_1TB_[...]
+export SSD2=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-CT2000MX500SSD1_[...]
+export HDD=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-HITACHI_HUA723030ALA640_[...]
+```
+
+Then, using some of the other references out there, I carefully used `sgdisk` to
+construct the partition tables. I want to dual boot NixOS with Windows, so I'm
+purposefully leaving out around 40% of the disk for that partition. (Note: use
+`sgdisk -L` to get the IDs for the `-t` parameter)
+
+```
+# Zap the disk
+sgdisk --zap $SSD2
+
+# 1: Boot partition
+sgdisk -n1:1M:+512M -t1:ef00 $SSD2
+
+# 2: NixOS partition
+# Note: bf01 is "Solaris /usr & Mac ZFS"
+sgdisk -n2:0:+1000G -t2:bf01 $SSD2
+```
+
+We'll let Windows create its own partitions using its installer later.
+
+## ZFS Setup
+
+```
+zpool create \
+  -o ashift=12              `# 2^12 = 4096 sector size, note small o` \
+  -o autotrim=on \
+  -O acltype=posixacl       `# needed for some things` \
+  -O atime=off              `# turn off access time` \
+  -O mountpoint=none        `# turn off automatic mounting` \
+  -O compression=lz4        `# sure, why not` \
+  -O xattr=sa \
+  -O encryption=aes-256-gcm `# disk encryption` \
+  -O keyformat=passphrase \
+  rpool $SSD2-part2
+```
+
+It'll prompt for the encryption passphrase now.
+
+```
+mkfs.vfat $SSD2-part1
+zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy rpool/nixos
+```
+
+Mount them:
+
+```
+export MNT=/mnt/nixos
+mount -t zfs rpool/nixos $MNT
+
+mkdir $MNT/boot
+mount $SSD2-part1 $MNT/boot
+```
+
+## NixOS Hardware Configuration
+
+```
+nixos-generate-config --root $MNT
+```
+
+This writes the default configuration along with the results of the hardware
+scan. Although it says not to edit the file, this scrapes all of my virtual
+network interfaces which I do _not_ want in my general config, so I'll trim it a
+bit. Edit the file with:
+
+```
+$EDITOR $MNT/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix
+```
+
+For the `configuration.nix` file, the following needs to be added somewhere in
+the file in order to get ZFS to work:
+
+```
+{
+  boot.supportedFilesystems = [ "zfs" ];
+  networking.hostId = "<8 random hex digits>";
+
+}
+```
+
+Also I chose to use GRUB instead of systemd-boot, so replace the line enabling
+systemd-boot with:
+
+```
+{
+  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.efiSupport = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.device = "nodev";
+}
+```
+
+## Install NixOS
+
+At this point I copied this configuration into my flake, so I can use all the
+packages that I've previously set up, including home manager.
+
+Run
+
+```
+nixos-install --root $MNT --flake flake#attr
+```
+
+Done!

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