lean2/src/frontends/lean/parser.cpp

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/*
Copyright (c) 2014 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Author: Leonardo de Moura
*/
#include <utility>
#include <string>
#include <limits>
#include "util/interrupt.h"
#include "util/script_exception.h"
#include "util/sstream.h"
#include "util/flet.h"
#include "kernel/for_each_fn.h"
#include "kernel/replace_fn.h"
#include "kernel/abstract.h"
#include "kernel/instantiate.h"
#include "library/parser_nested_exception.h"
#include "library/aliases.h"
#include "library/private.h"
#include "library/choice.h"
#include "library/placeholder.h"
#include "library/deep_copy.h"
#include "library/error_handling/error_handling.h"
#include "frontends/lean/parser.h"
#ifndef LEAN_DEFAULT_PARSER_SHOW_ERRORS
#define LEAN_DEFAULT_PARSER_SHOW_ERRORS true
#endif
namespace lean {
// ==========================================
// Parser configuration options
static name g_parser_show_errors {"lean", "parser", "show_errors"};
RegisterBoolOption(g_parser_show_errors, LEAN_DEFAULT_PARSER_SHOW_ERRORS, "(lean parser) display error messages in the regular output channel");
bool get_parser_show_errors(options const & opts) { return opts.get_bool(g_parser_show_errors, LEAN_DEFAULT_PARSER_SHOW_ERRORS); }
// ==========================================
parser::parser(environment const & env, io_state const & ios,
std::istream & strm, char const * strm_name,
script_state * ss, bool use_exceptions):
m_env(env), m_ios(ios), m_ss(ss),
m_verbose(true), m_use_exceptions(use_exceptions),
m_scanner(strm, strm_name), m_pos_table(std::make_shared<pos_info_table>()) {
m_type_use_placeholder = true;
m_found_errors = false;
updt_options();
m_next_tag_idx = 0;
m_curr = scanner::token_kind::Identifier;
protected_call([&]() { scan(); },
[&]() { sync_command(); });
}
void parser::updt_options() {
m_verbose = get_verbose(m_ios.get_options());
m_show_errors = get_parser_show_errors(m_ios.get_options());
}
void parser::display_error_pos(unsigned line, unsigned pos) {
regular_stream() << get_stream_name() << ":" << line << ":";
if (pos != static_cast<unsigned>(-1))
regular_stream() << pos << ":";
regular_stream() << " error:";
}
void parser::display_error_pos(pos_info p) { display_error_pos(p.first, p.second); }
void parser::display_error(char const * msg, unsigned line, unsigned pos) {
display_error_pos(line, pos);
regular_stream() << " " << msg << endl;
}
void parser::display_error(char const * msg, pos_info p) {
display_error(msg, p.first, p.second);
}
void parser::display_error(exception const & ex) {
parser_pos_provider pos_provider(m_pos_table, get_stream_name(), m_last_cmd_pos);
::lean::display_error(regular_stream(), &pos_provider, ex);
}
void parser::throw_parser_exception(char const * msg, pos_info p) {
throw parser_exception(msg, get_stream_name().c_str(), p.first, p.second);
}
void parser::throw_nested_exception(exception & ex, pos_info p) {
throw parser_nested_exception(std::shared_ptr<exception>(ex.clone()),
std::make_shared<parser_pos_provider>(m_pos_table, get_stream_name(), p));
}
#define CATCH(ShowError, ThrowError) \
m_found_errors = true; \
if (!m_use_exceptions && m_show_errors) { ShowError ; } \
sync(); \
if (m_use_exceptions) { ThrowError ; }
void parser::protected_call(std::function<void()> && f, std::function<void()> && sync) {
try {
f();
// } catch (tactic_cmd_error & ex) {
// CATCH(display_error(ex),
// throw parser_exception(ex.what(), m_strm_name.c_str(), ex.m_pos.first, ex.m_pos.second));
} catch (parser_exception & ex) {
CATCH(regular_stream() << ex.what() << endl,
throw);
} catch (parser_error & ex) {
CATCH(display_error(ex.what(), ex.m_pos),
throw_parser_exception(ex.what(), ex.m_pos));
} catch (interrupted & ex) {
reset_interrupt();
if (m_verbose)
regular_stream() << "!!!Interrupted!!!" << endl;
sync();
if (m_use_exceptions)
throw;
} catch (script_exception & ex) {
reset_interrupt();
CATCH(display_error(ex), throw_nested_exception(ex, m_last_script_pos));
} catch (exception & ex) {
reset_interrupt();
CATCH(display_error(ex), throw_nested_exception(ex, m_last_cmd_pos));
}
}
void parser::sync_command() {
// Keep consuming tokens until we find a Command or End-of-file
while (curr() != scanner::token_kind::CommandKeyword && curr() != scanner::token_kind::Eof)
next();
}
tag parser::get_tag(expr e) {
tag t = e.get_tag();
if (t == nulltag) {
t = m_next_tag_idx;
e.set_tag(t);
m_next_tag_idx++;
}
return t;
}
expr parser::save_pos(expr e, pos_info p) {
m_pos_table->insert(mk_pair(get_tag(e), p));
return e;
}
expr parser::rec_save_pos(expr const & e, pos_info p) {
unsigned m = std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max();
pos_info dummy(m, 0);
for_each(e, [&](expr const & e, unsigned) {
if (pos_of(e, dummy).first == m) {
save_pos(e, p);
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
});
return e;
}
/** \brief Create a copy of \c e, and the position of new expression with p */
expr parser::copy_with_new_pos(expr const & e, pos_info p) {
return rec_save_pos(deep_copy(e), p);
}
/** \brief Add \c ls to constants occurring in \c e. */
expr parser::propagate_levels(expr const & e, levels const & ls) {
if (is_nil(ls)) {
return e;
} else {
return replace(e, [&](expr const & e, unsigned) {
if (is_constant(e)) {
auto it = m_env.find(const_name(e));
if (it) {
level_param_names const & univ_ps = it->get_univ_params();
levels const & old_ls = const_levels(e);
if (length(old_ls) + length(ls) <= length(univ_ps))
return some_expr(update_constant(e, append(old_ls, ls)));
}
}
return none_expr();
});
}
}
pos_info parser::pos_of(expr const & e, pos_info default_pos) {
auto it = m_pos_table->find(get_tag(e));
if (it == m_pos_table->end())
return default_pos;
else
return it->second;
}
bool parser::curr_is_token(name const & tk) const {
return
(curr() == scanner::token_kind::Keyword || curr() == scanner::token_kind::CommandKeyword) &&
get_token_info().value() == tk;
}
bool parser::curr_is_token_or_id(name const & tk) const {
if (curr() == scanner::token_kind::Keyword || curr() == scanner::token_kind::CommandKeyword)
return get_token_info().value() == tk;
else if (curr() == scanner::token_kind::Identifier)
return get_name_val() == tk;
else
return false;
}
void parser::check_token_next(name const & tk, char const * msg) {
if (!curr_is_token(tk))
throw parser_error(msg, pos());
next();
}
name parser::check_id_next(char const * msg) {
if (!curr_is_identifier())
throw parser_error(msg, pos());
name r = get_name_val();
next();
return r;
}
expr parser::mk_app(expr fn, expr arg, pos_info const & p) {
return save_pos(::lean::mk_app(fn, arg), p);
}
void parser::push_local_scope() {
m_local_level_decls.push();
m_local_decls.push();
}
void parser::pop_local_scope() {
m_local_level_decls.pop();
m_local_decls.pop();
}
void parser::add_local_level(name const & n, level const & l) {
if (m_env.is_universe(n))
throw exception(sstream() << "invalid universe declaration, '" << n << "' shadows a global universe");
if (m_local_level_decls.contains(n))
throw exception(sstream() << "invalid universe declaration, '" << n << "' shadows a local universe");
m_local_level_decls.insert(n, local_level_entry(l, m_local_level_decls.size()));
}
void parser::add_local_expr(name const & n, expr const & e, binder_info const & bi) {
m_local_decls.insert(n, local_entry(parameter(pos(), e, bi), m_local_decls.size()));
}
void parser::add_local(expr const & e) {
lean_assert(is_local(e));
add_local_expr(local_pp_name(e), e);
}
optional<unsigned> parser::get_local_level_index(name const & n) const {
auto it = m_local_level_decls.find(n);
if (it != m_local_level_decls.end())
return optional<unsigned>(it->second.second);
else
return optional<unsigned>();
}
optional<unsigned> parser::get_local_index(name const & n) const {
auto it = m_local_decls.find(n);
if (it != m_local_decls.end())
return optional<unsigned>(it->second.second);
else
return optional<unsigned>();
}
optional<parameter> parser::get_local(name const & n) const {
auto it = m_local_decls.find(n);
if (it != m_local_decls.end())
return optional<parameter>(it->second.first);
else
return optional<parameter>();
}
/** \brief Parse a sequence of identifiers <tt>ID*</tt>. Store the result in \c result. */
void parser::parse_names(buffer<std::pair<pos_info, name>> & result) {
while (curr_is_identifier()) {
result.emplace_back(pos(), get_name_val());
next();
}
}
static name g_period(".");
static name g_colon(":");
static name g_lparen("(");
static name g_rparen(")");
static name g_llevel_curly(".{");
static name g_lcurly("{");
static name g_rcurly("}");
static name g_lbracket("[");
static name g_rbracket("]");
static name g_add("+");
static name g_max("max");
static name g_imax("imax");
static name g_cup("\u2294");
static unsigned g_level_add_prec = 10;
static unsigned g_level_cup_prec = 5;
unsigned parser::get_small_nat() {
mpz val = get_num_val().get_numerator();
lean_assert(val >= 0);
if (!val.is_unsigned_int())
throw parser_error("invalid level expression, value does not fit in a machine integer", pos());
return val.get_unsigned_int();
}
unsigned parser::parse_small_nat() {
unsigned r = get_small_nat();
next();
return r;
}
static level lift(level l, unsigned k) {
while (k > 0) {
k--;
l = mk_succ(l);
}
return l;
}
unsigned parser::curr_level_lbp() const {
if (curr_is_token(g_cup))
return g_level_cup_prec;
else if (curr_is_token(g_add))
return g_level_add_prec;
else
return 0;
}
level parser::parse_max_imax(bool is_max) {
auto p = pos();
next();
buffer<level> lvls;
while (curr_is_identifier() || curr_is_numeral() || curr_is_token(g_lparen)) {
lvls.push_back(parse_level());
}
if (lvls.size() < 2)
throw parser_error("invalid level expression, max must have at least two arguments", p);
unsigned i = lvls.size() - 1;
level r = lvls[i];
while (i > 0) {
--i;
if (is_max)
r = mk_max(lvls[i], r);
else
r = mk_imax(lvls[i], r);
}
return r;
}
level parser::parse_level_id() {
auto p = pos();
name id = get_name_val();
next();
auto it = m_local_level_decls.find(id);
if (it != m_local_level_decls.end())
return it->second.first;
if (m_env.is_universe(id))
return mk_global_univ(id);
if (auto it = get_alias_level(m_env, id))
return *it;
throw parser_error(sstream() << "unknown universe '" << id << "'", p);
}
level parser::parse_level_nud() {
if (curr_is_token_or_id(g_max)) {
return parse_max_imax(true);
} else if (curr_is_token_or_id(g_imax)) {
return parse_max_imax(false);
} else if (curr_is_token(g_lparen)) {
next();
level l = parse_level();
check_token_next(g_rparen, "invalid level expression, ')' expected");
return l;
} else if (curr_is_numeral()) {
unsigned k = parse_small_nat();
return lift(level(), k);
} else if (curr_is_identifier()) {
return parse_level_id();
} else {
throw parser_error("invalid level expression", pos());
}
}
level parser::parse_level_led(level left) {
auto p = pos();
if (curr_is_token(g_cup)) {
next();
level right = parse_level(g_level_cup_prec);
return mk_max(left, right);
} else if (curr_is_token(g_add)) {
next();
if (curr_is_numeral()) {
unsigned k = parse_small_nat();
return lift(left, k);
} else {
throw parser_error("invalid level expression, right hand side of '+' (aka universe lift operator) must be a numeral", p);
}
} else {
throw parser_error("invalid level expression", p);
}
}
level parser::parse_level(unsigned rbp) {
level left = parse_level_nud();
while (rbp < curr_level_lbp()) {
left = parse_level_led(left);
}
return left;
}
expr parser::mk_Type() {
if (m_type_use_placeholder) {
return mk_sort(mk_level_placeholder());
} else {
unsigned i = 1;
name l("l");
name r = l.append_after(i);
while (m_local_level_decls.contains(r) || m_env.is_universe(r)) {
i++;
r = l.append_after(i);
}
level lvl = mk_param_univ(r);
add_local_level(r, lvl);
return mk_sort(lvl);
}
}
expr parser::elaborate(expr const & e, level_param_names const &) {
// TODO(Leo):
return e;
}
std::pair<expr, expr> parser::elaborate(expr const & t, expr const & v, level_param_names const &) {
return mk_pair(t, v);
}
/** \brief Parse <tt>ID ':' expr</tt>, where the expression represents the type of the identifier. */
parameter parser::parse_binder_core(binder_info const & bi) {
auto p = pos();
if (!curr_is_identifier())
throw parser_error("invalid binder, identifier expected", p);
name id = get_name_val();
next();
expr type;
if (curr_is_token(g_colon)) {
next();
type = parse_expr();
} else {
type = save_pos(mk_expr_placeholder(), p);
}
return parameter(p, save_pos(mk_local(id, id, type), p), bi);
}
parameter parser::parse_binder() {
if (curr_is_identifier()) {
return parse_binder_core(binder_info());
} else if (curr_is_token(g_lparen)) {
next();
auto p = parse_binder_core(binder_info());
check_token_next(g_rparen, "invalid binder, ')' expected");
return p;
} else if (curr_is_token(g_lcurly)) {
next();
auto p = parse_binder_core(mk_implicit_binder_info());
check_token_next(g_rcurly, "invalid binder, '}' expected");
return p;
} else if (curr_is_token(g_lbracket)) {
next();
auto p = parse_binder_core(mk_cast_binder_info());
check_token_next(g_rbracket, "invalid binder, ']' expected");
return p;
} else {
throw parser_error("invalid binder, '(', '{', '[' or identifier expected", pos());
}
}
/**
\brief Parse <tt>ID ... ID ':' expr</tt>, where the expression
represents the type of the identifiers.
*/
void parser::parse_binder_block(buffer<parameter> & r, binder_info const & bi) {
buffer<std::pair<pos_info, name>> names;
parse_names(names);
if (names.empty())
throw parser_error("invalid binder, identifier expected", pos());
optional<expr> type;
if (curr_is_token(g_colon)) {
next();
type = parse_expr();
}
for (auto p : names) {
expr arg_type = type ? *type : save_pos(mk_expr_placeholder(), p.first);
expr local = mk_local(p.second, p.second, arg_type);
add_local(local);
r.push_back(parameter(p.first, local, bi));
}
}
void parser::parse_binders_core(buffer<parameter> & r) {
if (curr_is_identifier()) {
parse_binder_block(r, binder_info());
} else if (curr_is_token(g_lparen)) {
next();
parse_binder_block(r, binder_info());
check_token_next(g_rparen, "invalid binder, ')' expected");
} else if (curr_is_token(g_lcurly)) {
next();
parse_binder_block(r, mk_implicit_binder_info());
check_token_next(g_rcurly, "invalid binder, '}' expected");
} else if (curr_is_token(g_lbracket)) {
next();
parse_binder_block(r, mk_cast_binder_info());
check_token_next(g_rbracket, "invalid binder, ']' expected");
} else {
return;
}
parse_binders_core(r);
}
void parser::parse_binders(buffer<parameter> & r) {
local_decls::mk_scope scope(m_local_decls);
unsigned old_sz = r.size();
parse_binders_core(r);
if (old_sz == r.size())
throw parser_error("invalid binder, '(', '{', '[' or identifier expected", pos());
}
expr parser::parse_notation(parse_table t, expr * left) {
lean_assert(curr() == scanner::token_kind::Keyword);
auto p = pos();
buffer<expr> args;
buffer<parameter> ps;
if (left)
args.push_back(*left);
while (true) {
if (curr() != scanner::token_kind::Keyword)
break;
auto p = t.find(get_token_info().value());
if (!p)
break;
next();
notation::action const & a = p->first;
switch (a.kind()) {
case notation::action_kind::Skip:
break;
case notation::action_kind::Expr:
args.push_back(parse_expr(a.rbp()));
break;
case notation::action_kind::Exprs: {
buffer<expr> r_args;
r_args.push_back(parse_expr(a.rbp()));
while (curr_is_token(a.get_sep())) {
r_args.push_back(parse_expr(a.rbp()));
}
expr r = instantiate(a.get_initial(), args.size(), args.data());
if (a.is_fold_right()) {
unsigned i = r_args.size();
while (!i > 0) {
--i;
args.push_back(r_args[i]);
args.push_back(r);
r = instantiate(a.get_rec(), args.size(), args.data());
args.pop_back(); args.pop_back();
}
} else {
for (unsigned i = 0; i < r_args.size(); i++) {
args.push_back(r_args[i]);
args.push_back(r);
r = instantiate(a.get_rec(), args.size(), args.data());
args.pop_back(); args.pop_back();
}
}
args.push_back(r);
break;
}
case notation::action_kind::Binder:
ps.push_back(parse_binder());
break;
case notation::action_kind::Binders:
parse_binders(ps);
break;
case notation::action_kind::ScopedExpr: {
expr r = parse_scoped_expr(ps, a.rbp());
if (is_var(a.get_rec(), 0)) {
r = abstract(ps, r, a.use_lambda_abstraction());
} else {
unsigned i = ps.size();
while (i > 0) {
--i;
expr const & l = ps[i].m_local;
if (a.use_lambda_abstraction())
r = Fun(l, r, ps[i].m_bi);
else
r = Pi(l, r, ps[i].m_bi);
args.push_back(r);
r = instantiate(a.get_rec(), args.size(), args.data());
args.pop_back();
}
}
args.push_back(r);
break;
}
case notation::action_kind::Ext:
args.push_back(a.get_parse_fn()(*this, args.size(), args.data()));
break;
}
t = p->second;
}
list<expr> const & as = t.is_accepting();
if (is_nil(as)) {
if (p == pos())
throw parser_error(sstream() << "invalid expression", pos());
else
throw parser_error(sstream() << "invalid expression starting at " << p.first << ":" << p.second, pos());
}
buffer<expr> cs;
for (expr const & a : as) {
cs.push_back(instantiate(a, args.size(), args.data()));
}
return mk_choice(cs.size(), cs.data());
}
expr parser::parse_nud_notation() {
return parse_notation(cfg().m_nud, nullptr);
}
expr parser::parse_led_notation(expr left) {
if (cfg().m_led.find(get_token_info().value()))
return parse_notation(cfg().m_led, &left);
else
return mk_app(left, parse_nud_notation(), pos_of(left));
}
expr parser::parse_id() {
auto p = pos();
name id = get_name_val();
next();
auto it1 = m_local_decls.find(id);
buffer<level> lvl_buffer;
levels ls;
if (curr_is_token(g_llevel_curly)) {
next();
while (!curr_is_token(g_rcurly)) {
lvl_buffer.push_back(parse_level());
}
next();
ls = to_list(lvl_buffer.begin(), lvl_buffer.end());
}
// locals
if (it1 != m_local_decls.end())
return copy_with_new_pos(propagate_levels(it1->second.first.m_local, ls), p);
optional<expr> r;
// globals
if (m_env.find(id))
r = save_pos(mk_constant(id, ls), p);
// aliases
auto as = get_alias_exprs(m_env, id);
if (!is_nil(as)) {
buffer<expr> new_as;
if (r)
new_as.push_back(*r);
for (auto const & e : as) {
new_as.push_back(copy_with_new_pos(propagate_levels(e, ls), p));
}
r = mk_choice(new_as.size(), new_as.data());
}
if (!r)
throw parser_error(sstream() << "unknown identifier '" << id << "'", p);
return *r;
}
expr parser::parse_numeral_expr() {
// TODO(Leo)
return expr();
}
expr parser::parse_decimal_expr() {
// TODO(Leo)
return expr();
}
expr parser::parse_string_expr() {
// TODO(Leo)
return expr();
}
expr parser::parse_nud() {
switch (curr()) {
case scanner::token_kind::Keyword: return parse_nud_notation();
case scanner::token_kind::Identifier: return parse_id();
case scanner::token_kind::Numeral: return parse_numeral_expr();
case scanner::token_kind::Decimal: return parse_decimal_expr();
case scanner::token_kind::String: return parse_string_expr();
default: throw parser_error("invalid expression, unexpected token", pos());
}
}
expr parser::parse_led(expr left) {
switch (curr()) {
case scanner::token_kind::Keyword: return parse_led_notation(left);
case scanner::token_kind::Identifier: return mk_app(left, parse_id(), pos_of(left));
case scanner::token_kind::Numeral: return mk_app(left, parse_numeral_expr(), pos_of(left));
case scanner::token_kind::Decimal: return mk_app(left, parse_decimal_expr(), pos_of(left));
case scanner::token_kind::String: return mk_app(left, parse_string_expr(), pos_of(left));
default: return left;
}
}
unsigned parser::curr_lbp() const {
switch (curr()) {
case scanner::token_kind::Keyword:
return get_token_info().precedence();
case scanner::token_kind::CommandKeyword: case scanner::token_kind::Eof:
case scanner::token_kind::ScriptBlock:
return 0;
case scanner::token_kind::Identifier: case scanner::token_kind::Numeral:
case scanner::token_kind::Decimal: case scanner::token_kind::String:
return std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max();
}
lean_unreachable(); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
}
expr parser::parse_expr(unsigned rbp) {
expr left = parse_nud();
while (rbp < curr_lbp()) {
left = parse_led(left);
}
return left;
}
expr parser::parse_scoped_expr(unsigned num_params, parameter const * ps, unsigned rbp) {
if (num_params == 0) {
return parse_expr(rbp);
} else {
local_decls::mk_scope scope(m_local_decls);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_params; i++)
add_local(ps[i].m_local);
return parse_expr(rbp);
}
}
expr parser::abstract(unsigned num_params, parameter const * ps, expr const & e, bool lambda) {
buffer<expr> locals;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_params; i++)
locals.push_back(ps[i].m_local);
expr r = ::lean::abstract(e, locals.size(), locals.data());
unsigned i = num_params;
while (i > 0) {
--i;
expr const & l = ps[i].m_local;
name const & n = local_pp_name(l);
expr type = ::lean::abstract(mlocal_type(l), i, locals.data());
if (lambda)
r = mk_lambda(n, type, r, ps[i].m_bi);
else
r = mk_pi(n, type, r, ps[i].m_bi);
}
return r;
}
tactic parser::parse_tactic(unsigned /* rbp */) {
// TODO(Leo):
return tactic();
}
void parser::parse_command() {
lean_assert(curr() == scanner::token_kind::CommandKeyword);
flet<bool> save1(m_type_use_placeholder, m_type_use_placeholder);
m_last_cmd_pos = pos();
name const & cmd_name = get_token_info().value();
if (auto it = cmds().find(cmd_name)) {
next();
m_env = it->get_fn()(*this);
} else {
auto p = pos();
next();
throw parser_error(sstream() << "unknown command '" << cmd_name << "'", p);
}
}
void parser::parse_script(bool as_expr) {
m_last_script_pos = pos();
if (!m_ss)
throw exception("failed to execute Lua script, parser does not have a Lua interpreter");
std::string script_code = m_scanner.get_str_val();
if (as_expr)
script_code = "return " + script_code;
next();
using_script([&](lua_State * L) {
dostring(L, script_code.c_str());
});
}
bool parser::parse_commands() {
// We disable hash-consing while parsing to make sure the pos-info are correct.
scoped_expr_caching disable(false);
try {
bool done = false;
while (!done) {
protected_call([&]() {
check_interrupted();
switch (curr()) {
case scanner::token_kind::CommandKeyword:
parse_command();
break;
case scanner::token_kind::ScriptBlock:
parse_script();
break;
case scanner::token_kind::Eof:
done = true;
break;
case scanner::token_kind::Keyword:
if (curr_is_token(g_period)) {
next();
break;
}
default:
throw parser_error("command expected", pos());
}
},
[&]() { sync_command(); });
}
} catch (interrupt_parser) {}
return !m_found_errors;
}
bool parse_commands(environment & env, io_state & ios, std::istream & in, char const * strm_name, script_state * S, bool use_exceptions) {
parser p(env, ios, in, strm_name, S, use_exceptions);
bool r = p();
ios = p.ios();
env = p.env();
return r;
}
bool parse_commands(environment & env, io_state & ios, char const * fname, script_state * S, bool use_exceptions) {
std::ifstream in(fname);
if (in.bad() || in.fail())
throw exception(sstream() << "failed to open file '" << fname << "'");
return parse_commands(env, ios, in, fname, S, use_exceptions);
}
}