lean2/library/data/stream.lean

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/-
Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Author: Leonardo de Moura
-/
import data.nat algebra.function
open nat function
definition stream (A : Type) := nat → A
namespace stream
variables {A B C : Type}
definition cons (a : A) (s : stream A) : stream A :=
λ i,
match i with
| 0 := a
| succ n := s n
end
notation h :: t := cons h t
definition head (s : stream A) : A :=
s 0
definition tail (s : stream A) : stream A :=
λ i, s (i+1)
definition nth_tail (n : nat) (s : stream A) : stream A :=
λ i, s (i+n)
definition nth (n : nat) (s : stream A) : A :=
s n
protected theorem eta (s : stream A) : head s :: tail s = s :=
funext (λ i, begin cases i, repeat reflexivity end)
theorem head_cons (a : A) (s : stream A) : head (a :: s) = a :=
rfl
theorem tail_cons (a : A) (s : stream A) : tail (a :: s) = s :=
rfl
theorem tail_nth_tail (n : nat) (s : stream A) : tail (nth_tail n s) = nth_tail n (tail s) :=
funext (λ i, begin esimp [tail, nth_tail], congruence, rewrite add.right_comm end)
theorem nth_nth_tail (n m : nat) (s : stream A) : nth n (nth_tail m s) = nth (n+m) s :=
rfl
theorem tail_eq_nth_tail (s : stream A) : tail s = nth_tail 1 s :=
rfl
theorem nth_tail_nth_tail (n m : nat) (s : stream A) : nth_tail n (nth_tail m s) = nth_tail (n+m) s :=
funext (λ i, begin esimp [nth_tail], rewrite add.assoc end)
theorem nth_succ (n : nat) (s : stream A) : nth (succ n) s = nth n (tail s) :=
rfl
protected theorem ext {s₁ s₂ : stream A} : (∀ n, nth n s₁ = nth n s₂) → s₁ = s₂ :=
assume h, funext h
protected definition all (p : A → Prop) (s : stream A) := ∀ n, p (nth n s)
protected definition any (p : A → Prop) (s : stream A) := ∃ n, p (nth n s)
theorem all_def (p : A → Prop) (s : stream A) : stream.all p s = ∀ n, p (nth n s) :=
rfl
theorem any_def (p : A → Prop) (s : stream A) : stream.any p s = ∃ n, p (nth n s) :=
rfl
section map
variable (f : A → B)
definition map (s : stream A) : stream B :=
λ n, f (nth n s)
theorem nth_tail_map (n : nat) (s : stream A) : nth_tail n (map f s) = map f (nth_tail n s) :=
stream.ext (λ i, rfl)
theorem nth_map (n : nat) (s : stream A) : nth n (map f s) = f (nth n s) :=
rfl
theorem tail_map (s : stream A) : tail (map f s) = map f (tail s) :=
begin rewrite tail_eq_nth_tail end
theorem head_map (s : stream A) : head (map f s) = f (head s) :=
rfl
theorem map_eq (s : stream A) : map f s = f (head s) :: map f (tail s) :=
by rewrite [-stream.eta, tail_map, head_map]
theorem map_id (s : stream A) : map id s = s :=
rfl
end map
section zip
variable (f : A → B → C)
definition zip (s₁ : stream A) (s₂ : stream B) : stream C :=
λ n, f (nth n s₁) (nth n s₂)
theorem nth_tail_zip (n : nat) (s₁ : stream A) (s₂ : stream B) : nth_tail n (zip f s₁ s₂) = zip f (nth_tail n s₁) (nth_tail n s₂) :=
stream.ext (λ i, rfl)
theorem nth_zip (n : nat) (s₁ : stream A) (s₂ : stream B) : nth n (zip f s₁ s₂) = f (nth n s₁) (nth n s₂) :=
rfl
theorem head_zip (s₁ : stream A) (s₂ : stream B) : head (zip f s₁ s₂) = f (head s₁) (head s₂) :=
rfl
theorem tail_zip (s₁ : stream A) (s₂ : stream B) : tail (zip f s₁ s₂) = zip f (tail s₁) (tail s₂) :=
rfl
theorem zip_eq (s₁ : stream A) (s₂ : stream B) : zip f s₁ s₂ = f (head s₁) (head s₂) :: zip f (tail s₁) (tail s₂) :=
by rewrite [-stream.eta]
end zip
definition const (a : A) : stream A :=
λ n, a
theorem const_eq (a : A) : const a = a :: const a :=
begin
apply stream.ext, intro n,
cases n, repeat reflexivity
end
theorem tail_const (a : A) : tail (const a) = const a :=
by rewrite [const_eq at {1}]
theorem map_const (f : A → B) (a : A) : map f (const a) = const (f a) :=
rfl
theorem nth_const (n : nat) (a : A) : nth n (const a) = a :=
rfl
theorem nth_tail_const (n : nat) (a : A) : nth_tail n (const a) = const a :=
stream.ext (λ i, rfl)
definition iterate (f : A → A) (a : A) : stream A :=
λ n, nat.rec_on n a (λ n r, f r)
theorem head_iterate (f : A → A) (a : A) : head (iterate f a) = a :=
rfl
theorem tail_iterate (f : A → A) (a : A) : tail (iterate f a) = iterate f (f a) :=
begin
apply funext, intro n,
induction n with n' IH,
{reflexivity},
{esimp [tail, iterate] at *,
rewrite add_one at *,
esimp at *, rewrite IH}
end
theorem iterate_eq (f : A → A) (a : A) : iterate f a = a :: iterate f (f a) :=
begin
rewrite [-stream.eta], congruence, exact !tail_iterate
end
theorem nth_zero_iterate (f : A → A) (a : A) : nth 0 (iterate f a) = a :=
rfl
theorem nth_succ_iterate (n : nat) (f : A → A) (a : A) : nth (succ n) (iterate f a) = nth n (iterate f (f a)) :=
by rewrite [nth_succ, tail_iterate]
section bisim
definition is_bisimulation (R : stream A → stream A → Prop) := ∀ ⦃s₁ s₂⦄, R s₁ s₂ → head s₁ = head s₂ ∧ R (tail s₁) (tail s₂)
variable {R : stream A → stream A → Prop}
local infix ~ := R
lemma nth_of_bisim (bisim : is_bisimulation R) : ∀ {s₁ s₂} n, s₁ ~ s₂ → nth n s₁ = nth n s₂ ∧ nth_tail (n+1) s₁ ~ nth_tail (n+1) s₂
| s₁ s₂ 0 h := bisim h
| s₁ s₂ (n+1) h :=
obtain h₁ (trel : tail s₁ ~ tail s₂), from bisim h,
nth_of_bisim n trel
-- If two streams are bisimilar, then they are equal
theorem eq_of_bisim (bisim : is_bisimulation R) : ∀ {s₁ s₂}, s₁ ~ s₂ → s₁ = s₂ :=
λ s₁ s₂ r, stream.ext (λ n, and.elim_left (nth_of_bisim bisim n r))
end bisim
theorem bisim_simple (s₁ s₂ : stream A) : head s₁ = head s₂ → s₁ = tail s₁ → s₂ = tail s₂ → s₁ = s₂ :=
let R := λ s₁ s₂, head s₁ = head s₂ ∧ s₁ = tail s₁ ∧ s₂ = tail s₂ in
have bisim : is_bisimulation R, from
λ s₁ s₂ (h : R s₁ s₂),
obtain h₁ h₂ h₃, from h,
begin
constructor, exact h₁, rewrite [-h₂, -h₃], exact h
end,
assume hh ht₁ ht₂,
have Rs₁s₂ : R s₁ s₂, from and.intro hh (and.intro ht₁ ht₂),
eq_of_bisim bisim Rs₁s₂
theorem iterate_id (a : A) : iterate id a = const a :=
begin
apply bisim_simple,
reflexivity,
rewrite tail_iterate,
rewrite tail_const
end
theorem map_iterate (f : A → A) (a : A) : iterate f (f a) = map f (iterate f a) :=
begin
apply funext, intro n,
induction n with n' IH,
{reflexivity},
{esimp [map, iterate, nth] at *,
rewrite IH}
end
section corec
definition corec (f : A → B) (g : A → A) : A → stream B :=
λ a, map f (iterate g a)
theorem corec_def (f : A → B) (g : A → A) (a : A) : corec f g a = map f (iterate g a) :=
rfl
theorem corec_eq (f : A → B) (g : A → A) (a : A) : corec f g a = f a :: corec f g (g a) :=
by rewrite [corec_def, map_eq, head_iterate, tail_iterate]
theorem corec_id_id_eq_const (a : A) : corec id id a = const a :=
by rewrite [corec_def, map_id, iterate_id]
theorem corec_id_f_eq_iterate (f : A → A) (a : A) : corec id f a = iterate f a :=
rfl
end corec
definition interleave (s₁ s₂ : stream A) : stream A :=
corec
(λ p, obtain s₁ s₂, from p, head s₁)
(λ p, obtain s₁ s₂, from p, (s₂, tail s₁))
(s₁, s₂)
infix `⋈`:65 := interleave
theorem interleave_eq (s₁ s₂ : stream A) : s₁ ⋈ s₂ = head s₁ :: head s₂ :: (tail s₁ ⋈ tail s₂) :=
begin
esimp [interleave], rewrite corec_eq, esimp, congruence, rewrite corec_eq
end
end stream