lean2/src/kernel/environment.h

/*
Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.

Author: Leonardo de Moura
*/
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <set>
#include "util/lua.h"
#include "util/shared_mutex.h"
#include "kernel/context.h"
#include "kernel/object.h"
#include "kernel/level.h"

namespace lean {
class environment;
class ro_environment;
class type_checker;
class environment_extension;

/** \brief Implementation of the Lean environment. */
class environment_cell {
    friend class environment;
    friend class read_write_shared_environment;
    friend class read_only_shared_environment;
    // Remark: only named objects are stored in the dictionary.
    typedef std::unordered_map<name, object, name_hash, name_eq> object_dictionary;
    typedef std::tuple<level, level, int> constraint;
    std::weak_ptr<environment_cell>         m_this;
    // Universe variable management
    std::vector<constraint>                 m_constraints;
    std::vector<level>                      m_uvars;
    // Children environment management
    atomic<unsigned>                        m_num_children;
    std::shared_ptr<environment_cell>       m_parent;
    // Object management
    std::vector<object>                     m_objects;
    object_dictionary                       m_object_dictionary;
    std::unique_ptr<type_checker>           m_type_checker;
    std::set<name>                          m_imported_modules;   // set of imported files and builtin modules

    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<environment_extension>> m_extensions;
    friend class environment_extension;

    // This mutex is only used to implement threadsafe environment objects
    // in the external APIs
    shared_mutex                            m_mutex;

    environment env() const;

    void inc_children() { m_num_children++; }
    void dec_children() { m_num_children--; }

    environment_extension & get_extension_core(unsigned extid);
    environment_extension const & get_extension_core(unsigned extid) const;

    unsigned get_max_weight(expr const & e);
    void check_name_core(name const & n);
    void check_name(name const & n);

    void register_named_object(object const & new_obj);
    optional<object> get_object_core(name const & n) const;

    bool is_implied(level const & u, level const & v, int k) const;
    bool is_ge(level const & l1, level const & l2, int k) const;
    level add_uvar_core(name const & n);
    void add_constraint(level const & u, level const & v, int d);
    void add_constraints(level const & n, level const & l, int k);
    void init_uvars();
    void check_no_cached_type(expr const & e);
    void check_type(name const & n, expr const & t, expr const & v);
    void check_new_definition(name const & n, expr const & t, expr const & v);

    bool already_imported(name const & n) const;
    bool mark_imported_core(name n);

    environment_cell(std::shared_ptr<environment_cell> const & parent);

public:
    environment_cell();
    ~environment_cell();

    /** \brief Return true iff this environment has children environments. */
    bool has_children() const { return m_num_children > 0; }
    /** \brief Return true iff this environment has a parent environment */
    bool has_parent() const { return m_parent != nullptr; }

    /**
       \brief Return parent environment of this environment.
       \pre has_parent()
    */
    environment parent() const;

    /**
       \brief Create a child environment. This environment will only allow "read-only" operations until
       all children environments are deleted.
    */
    environment mk_child() const;

    // =======================================
    // Universe variables
    /**
       \brief Add a new universe variable with name \c n and constraint <tt>n >= l</tt>.
       Return the new variable.

       \remark An exception is thrown if a universe inconsistency is detected.
    */
    level add_uvar(name const & n, level const & l);
    level add_uvar(name const & n) { return add_uvar(n, level()); }

    /**
       \brief Return true iff the constraint l1 >= l2 is implied by the constraints
       in the environment.
    */
    bool is_ge(level const & l1, level const & l2) const;

    /**
       \brief Return universal variable with the given name.
       Throw an exception if variable is not defined in this environment.
    */
    level get_uvar(name const & n) const;
    // =======================================

    // =======================================
    // Environment Objects

    /**
        \brief Add builtin value to the environment.

        \pre is_value(v)
    */
    void add_builtin(expr const & v);

    /**
       \brief Add a builtin value set to the environment.

       The set is registered by providing a representative of the set.
       Each builtin set of values is implemented by a C++ class.
       The environment will only accept object of the same class of
       the representative. This functionality is used to support
       infinite set of builtin values such as the natural numbers.

       \pre is_value(r);
    */
    void add_builtin_set(expr const & r);

    /**
       \brief Add a new definition n : t := v.
       It throws an exception if v does not have type t.
       It throws an exception if there is already an object with the given name.
       If opaque == true, then definition is not used by normalizer.
    */
    void add_definition(name const & n, expr const & t, expr const & v, bool opaque = false);
    void add_theorem(name const & n, expr const & t, expr const & v);

    /**
       \brief Add a new definition n : infer_type(v) := v.
       It throws an exception if there is already an object with the given name.
       If opaque == true, then definition is not used by normalizer.
    */
    void add_definition(name const & n, expr const & v, bool opaque = false);

    /**
       \brief Add a new fact (Axiom or Fact) to the environment.
       It throws an exception if there is already an object with the given name.
    */
    void add_axiom(name const & n, expr const & t);
    void add_var(name const & n, expr const & t);

    /**
       \brief Register the given unanymous object in this environment.
       The environment assume the object ownership.
    */
    void add_neutral_object(neutral_object_cell * o);

    /**
       \brief Return the object with the given name.
       It throws an exception if the environment does not have an object with the given name.
    */
    object get_object(name const & n) const;

    /**
       \brief Find a given object in the environment. Return the null
       object if there is no object with the given name.
    */
    optional<object> find_object(name const & n) const { return get_object_core(n); }

    /** \brief Return true iff the environment has an object with the given name */
    bool has_object(name const & n) const { return static_cast<bool>(find_object(n)); }

    /**
       \brief Return the type of \c e in the given context and this environment.
    */
    expr infer_type(expr const & e, context const & ctx = context()) const;

    /**
       \brief Normalize \c e in the given context and this environment.
    */
    expr normalize(expr const & e, context const & ctx = context()) const;

    /**
       \brief Low-level function for accessing objects. Consider using iterators.
    */
    unsigned get_num_objects(bool local) const;
    /**
       \brief Low-level function for accessing objects. Consider using iterators.
    */
    object const & get_object(unsigned i, bool local) const;

    /** \brief Iterator for Lean environment objects. */
    class object_iterator {
        std::shared_ptr<environment_cell const> m_env;
        unsigned                                m_idx;
        bool                                    m_local;
        friend class environment_cell;
        object_iterator(std::shared_ptr<environment_cell const> && env, unsigned idx, bool local):m_env(env), m_idx(idx), m_local(local) {}
    public:
        object_iterator(object_iterator const & s):m_env(s.m_env), m_idx(s.m_idx), m_local(s.m_local) {}
        object_iterator & operator++() { ++m_idx; return *this; }
        object_iterator operator++(int) { object_iterator tmp(*this); operator++(); return tmp; }
        object_iterator & operator--() { --m_idx; return *this; }
        object_iterator operator--(int) { object_iterator tmp(*this); operator--(); return tmp; }
        bool operator==(object_iterator const & s) const { lean_assert(m_env.get() == s.m_env.get()); return m_idx == s.m_idx; }
        bool operator!=(object_iterator const & s) const { return !operator==(s); }
        object const & operator*() { return m_env->get_object(m_idx, m_local); }
        object const * operator->() { return &(m_env->get_object(m_idx, m_local)); }
    };

    /**
        \brief Return an iterator to the beginning of the sequence of
        objects stored in this environment.

        \remark The objects in this environment and ancestor
        environments are considered
    */
    object_iterator begin_objects() const { return object_iterator(m_this.lock(), 0, false); }

    /**
        \brief Return an iterator to the end of the sequence of
        objects stored in this environment.

        \remark The objects in this environment and ancestor
        environments are considered
    */
    object_iterator end_objects() const { return object_iterator(m_this.lock(), get_num_objects(false), false); }

    /**
        \brief Return an iterator to the beginning of the sequence of
        objects stored in this environment (objects in ancestor
        environments are ingored).
    */
    object_iterator begin_local_objects() const { return object_iterator(m_this.lock(), 0, true); }

    /**
        \brief Return an iterator to the end of the sequence of
        objects stored in this environment (objects in ancestor
        environments are ingored).
    */
    object_iterator end_local_objects() const { return object_iterator(m_this.lock(), get_num_objects(true), true); }
    // =======================================

    /** \brief Display universal variable constraints and objects stored in this environment and its parents. */
    void display(std::ostream & out) const;

    /**
       \brief Register an environment extension. Every environment
       object will contain this extension. The funciton mk creates a
       new instance of the extension.  The extension object can be
       retrieved using the token (unsigned integer) returned by this
       method.

       \remark The extension objects are created on demand.

       \see get_extension
    */
    typedef std::unique_ptr<environment_extension> (*mk_extension)();
    static unsigned register_extension(mk_extension mk);

    /**
       \brief Retrieve the extension associated with the token \c extid.
       The token is the value returned by \c register_extension.
    */
    template<typename Ext>
    Ext const & get_extension(unsigned extid) const {
        environment_extension const & ext = get_extension_core(extid);
        lean_assert(dynamic_cast<Ext const *>(&ext) != nullptr);
        return static_cast<Ext const &>(ext);
    }

    template<typename Ext>
    Ext & get_extension(unsigned extid) {
        environment_extension & ext = get_extension_core(extid);
        lean_assert(dynamic_cast<Ext*>(&ext) != nullptr);
        return static_cast<Ext&>(ext);
    }

    /**
        \brief Return true iff the given file was not already marked as imported.
        It will also mark the file as imported.
    */
    bool mark_imported(char const * fname);
    /**
        \brief Return true iff the given builtin id was not already marked as imported.
        It will also mark the id as imported.
    */
    bool mark_builtin_imported(char const * id);
};

/**
   \brief Frontend can store data in environment extensions.
   Each extension is associated with a unique token/id.
   This token allows the frontend to retrieve/store an extension object
   in the environment
*/
class environment_extension {
    friend class environment_cell;
    environment_cell * m_env;
    unsigned           m_extid; // extension id
    environment_extension const * get_parent_core() const;
public:
    environment_extension();
    virtual ~environment_extension();
    /**
       \brief Return a constant reference for a parent extension,
       and a nullptr if there is no parent/ancestor, or if the
       parent/ancestor has an extension.
    */
    template<typename Ext> Ext const * get_parent() const {
        environment_extension const * ext = get_parent_core();
        lean_assert(!ext || dynamic_cast<Ext const *>(ext) != nullptr);
        return static_cast<Ext const *>(ext);
    }
};

/**
   \brief Reference to environment
*/
class environment {
    friend class ro_environment;
    friend class environment_cell;
    friend class read_write_shared_environment;
    std::shared_ptr<environment_cell> m_ptr;
    environment(std::shared_ptr<environment_cell> const & parent, bool);
    environment(std::shared_ptr<environment_cell> const & ptr);
public:
    environment();
    environment_cell * operator->() const { return m_ptr.get(); }
    environment_cell & operator*() const { return *(m_ptr.get()); }
};

/**
   \brief Read-only reference to environment.
*/
class ro_environment {
    friend class environment_cell;
    friend class read_only_shared_environment;
    std::shared_ptr<environment_cell const> m_ptr;
    ro_environment(std::shared_ptr<environment_cell const> const & p):m_ptr(p) {}
    friend int push_environment(lua_State * L, ro_environment const & env);
    environment cast_to_environment() const { return environment(std::const_pointer_cast<environment_cell>(m_ptr)); }
public:
    typedef std::weak_ptr<environment_cell const> weak_ref;
    ro_environment(environment const & env);
    ro_environment(weak_ref const & env);
    explicit operator weak_ref() const { return weak_ref(m_ptr); }
    weak_ref to_weak_ref() const { return weak_ref(m_ptr); }
    environment_cell const * operator->() const { return m_ptr.get(); }
    environment_cell const & operator*() const { return *(m_ptr.get()); }
};
}