Spectral/homotopy/spectrum.hlean

/-
Copyright (c) 2016 Michael Shulman. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Michael Shulman, Floris van Doorn, Egbert Rijke, Stefano Piceghello, Yuri Sulyma

-/

import homotopy.LES_of_homotopy_groups .splice ..colim types.pointed2 .EM ..pointed_pi .smash_adjoint ..algebra.seq_colim .fwedge .pointed_cubes

open eq nat int susp pointed pmap sigma is_equiv equiv fiber algebra trunc trunc_index pi group
     seq_colim succ_str EM EM.ops function unit lift is_trunc

/---------------------
  Basic definitions
  ---------------------/

/- The basic definitions of spectra and prespectra make sense for any successor-structure. -/

structure gen_prespectrum (N : succ_str) :=
  (deloop : N → Type*)
  (glue : Π(n:N), (deloop n) →* (Ω (deloop (S n))))

attribute gen_prespectrum.deloop [coercion]

structure is_spectrum [class] {N : succ_str} (E : gen_prespectrum N) :=
  (is_equiv_glue : Πn, is_equiv (gen_prespectrum.glue E n))

attribute is_spectrum.is_equiv_glue [instance]

structure gen_spectrum (N : succ_str) :=
  (to_prespectrum : gen_prespectrum N)
  (to_is_spectrum : is_spectrum to_prespectrum)

attribute gen_spectrum.to_prespectrum [coercion]
attribute gen_spectrum.to_is_spectrum [instance]
attribute gen_spectrum._trans_of_to_prespectrum [unfold 2]

-- Classically, spectra and prespectra use the successor structure +ℕ.
-- But we will use +ℤ instead, to reduce case analysis later on.

abbreviation prespectrum := gen_prespectrum +ℤ
definition prespectrum.mk (Y : ℤ → Type*) (e : Π(n : ℤ), Y n →* Ω (Y (n+1))) : prespectrum :=
gen_prespectrum.mk Y e
abbreviation spectrum := gen_spectrum +ℤ
abbreviation spectrum.mk (Y : prespectrum) (e : is_spectrum Y) : spectrum :=
gen_spectrum.mk Y e

namespace spectrum

  definition glue [unfold 2] {{N : succ_str}} := @gen_prespectrum.glue N
  --definition glue := (@gen_prespectrum.glue +ℤ)
  definition equiv_glue {N : succ_str} (E : gen_prespectrum N) [H : is_spectrum E] (n:N) : (E n) ≃* (Ω (E (S n))) :=
    pequiv_of_pmap (glue E n) (is_spectrum.is_equiv_glue E n)

  definition equiv_glue2 (Y : spectrum) (n : ℤ) : Ω (Ω (Y (n+2))) ≃* Y n :=
  begin
    refine (!equiv_glue ⬝e* loop_pequiv_loop (!equiv_glue ⬝e* loop_pequiv_loop _))⁻¹ᵉ*,
    refine pequiv_of_eq (ap Y _),
    exact add.assoc n 1 1
  end

  -- a square when we compose glue with transporting over a path in N
  definition glue_ptransport {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) {n n' : N} (p : n = n') :
    glue X n' ∘* ptransport X p ~* Ω→ (ptransport X (ap S p)) ∘* glue X n :=
  by induction p; exact !pcompose_pid ⬝* !pid_pcompose⁻¹* ⬝* pwhisker_right _ !ap1_pid⁻¹*

  -- Sometimes an ℕ-indexed version does arise naturally, however, so
  -- we give a standard way to extend an ℕ-indexed (pre)spectrum to a
  -- ℤ-indexed one.

  definition psp_of_nat_indexed [constructor] (E : gen_prespectrum +ℕ) : gen_prespectrum +ℤ :=
    gen_prespectrum.mk
    (λ(n:ℤ), match n with
             | of_nat k          := E k
             | neg_succ_of_nat k := Ω[succ k] (E 0)
             end)
    begin
      intros n, cases n with n n: esimp,
      { exact (gen_prespectrum.glue E n) },
      cases n with n,
      { exact (pid _) },
      { exact (pid _) }
    end

  definition is_spectrum_of_nat_indexed [instance] (E : gen_prespectrum +ℕ) [H : is_spectrum E] : is_spectrum (psp_of_nat_indexed E) :=
  begin
    apply is_spectrum.mk, intros n, cases n with n n: esimp,
    { apply is_spectrum.is_equiv_glue },
    cases n with n: apply is_equiv_id
  end

  protected definition of_nat_indexed (E : gen_prespectrum +ℕ) [H : is_spectrum E] : spectrum
  := spectrum.mk (psp_of_nat_indexed E) (is_spectrum_of_nat_indexed E)

  -- In fact, a (pre)spectrum indexed on any pointed successor structure
  -- gives rise to one indexed on +ℕ, so in this sense +ℤ is a
  -- "universal" successor structure for indexing spectra.

  definition succ_str.of_nat {N : succ_str} (z : N) : ℕ → N
  | succ_str.of_nat zero   := z
  | succ_str.of_nat (succ k) := S (succ_str.of_nat k)

  definition psp_of_gen_indexed [constructor] {N : succ_str} (z : N) (E : gen_prespectrum N) : prespectrum :=
    psp_of_nat_indexed (gen_prespectrum.mk (λn, E (succ_str.of_nat z n)) (λn, gen_prespectrum.glue E (succ_str.of_nat z n)))

  definition is_spectrum_of_gen_indexed [instance] {N : succ_str} (z : N) (E : gen_prespectrum N) [H : is_spectrum E]
  : is_spectrum (psp_of_gen_indexed z E) :=
  begin
    apply is_spectrum_of_nat_indexed, apply is_spectrum.mk, intros n, esimp, apply is_spectrum.is_equiv_glue
  end

  protected definition of_gen_indexed [constructor] {N : succ_str} (z : N) (E : gen_spectrum N) : spectrum :=
    gen_spectrum.mk (psp_of_gen_indexed z E) (is_spectrum_of_gen_indexed z E)

  -- Generally it's easiest to define a spectrum by giving 'equiv's
  -- directly.  This works for any indexing succ_str.
  protected definition MK [constructor] {N : succ_str} (deloop : N → Type*)
    (glue : Π(n:N), (deloop n) ≃* (Ω (deloop (S n)))) : gen_spectrum N :=
    gen_spectrum.mk (gen_prespectrum.mk deloop (λ(n:N), glue n))
    (begin
      apply is_spectrum.mk, intros n, esimp,
      apply pequiv.to_is_equiv  -- Why doesn't typeclass inference find this?
    end)

  -- Finally, we combine them and give a way to produce a (ℤ-)spectrum from a ℕ-indexed family of 'equiv's.
  protected definition Mk [constructor] (deloop : ℕ → Type*)
    (glue : Π(n:ℕ), (deloop n) ≃* (Ω (deloop (nat.succ n)))) : spectrum :=
    spectrum.of_nat_indexed (spectrum.MK deloop glue)

  ------------------------------
  -- Maps and homotopies of (pre)spectra
  ------------------------------

  -- These make sense for any succ_str.

  structure smap {N : succ_str} (E F : gen_prespectrum N) :=
    (to_fun : Π(n:N), E n →* F n)
    (glue_square : Π(n:N), psquare
      (to_fun n)
      (Ω→ (to_fun (S n)))
      (glue E n)
      (glue F n)
    )

  open smap
  infix ` →ₛ `:30 := smap

  attribute smap.to_fun [coercion]

  -- A version of 'glue_square' in the spectrum case that uses 'equiv_glue'
  definition sglue_square {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_spectrum N} (f : E →ₛ F) (n : N)
    : psquare (f n) (Ω→ (f (S n))) (equiv_glue E n) (equiv_glue F n) :=
  glue_square f n

  definition sid [constructor] [refl] {N : succ_str} (E : gen_prespectrum N) : E →ₛ E :=
  smap.mk (λ n, pid (E n)) (λ n, psquare_of_phtpy_bot (ap1_pid) (psquare_of_pid_top_bot (phomotopy.rfl)))

  --print sid
 --   smap.mk (λn, pid (E n))
 --   (λn, calc glue E n ∘* pid (E n) ~* glue E n                   : pcompose_pid
 --                             ...   ~* pid (Ω(E (S n))) ∘* glue E n : pid_pcompose
 --                             ...   ~* Ω→(pid (E (S n))) ∘* glue E n : pwhisker_right (glue E n) ap1_pid⁻¹*)

  definition scompose [trans] {N : succ_str} {X Y Z : gen_prespectrum N}
    (g : Y →ₛ Z) (f : X →ₛ Y) : X →ₛ Z :=
    smap.mk (λn, g n ∘* f n)
            (λ n, psquare_of_phtpy_bot
                    (ap1_pcompose (g (S n)) (f (S n)))
                    (psquare_hcompose (glue_square f n) (glue_square g n)))

/-
      (λn, calc glue Z n ∘* to_fun g n ∘* to_fun f n
             ~* (glue Z n ∘* to_fun g n) ∘* to_fun f n                 : passoc
         ... ~* (Ω→(to_fun g (S n)) ∘* glue Y n) ∘* to_fun f n      : pwhisker_right (to_fun f n) (glue_square g n)
         ... ~* Ω→(to_fun g (S n)) ∘* (glue Y n ∘* to_fun f n)      : passoc
         ... ~* Ω→(to_fun g (S n)) ∘* (Ω→ (f (S n)) ∘* glue X n) : pwhisker_left (Ω→(to_fun g (S n))) (glue_square f n)
         ... ~* (Ω→(to_fun g (S n)) ∘* Ω→(f (S n))) ∘* glue X n  : passoc
         ... ~* Ω→(to_fun g (S n) ∘* to_fun f (S n)) ∘* glue X n : pwhisker_right (glue X n) (ap1_pcompose _ _))
-/

  infixr ` ∘ₛ `:60 := scompose

  definition szero [constructor] {N : succ_str} (E F : gen_prespectrum N) : E →ₛ F :=
    smap.mk (λn, pconst (E n) (F n))
            (λn, psquare_of_phtpy_bot (ap1_pconst (E (S n)) (F (S n)))
                   (psquare_of_pconst_top_bot (glue E n) (glue F n)))

/-
      (λn, calc glue F n ∘* pconst (E n) (F n) ~* pconst (E n) (Ω(F (S n)))                    : pcompose_pconst
                                         ...   ~* pconst (Ω(E (S n))) (Ω(F (S n))) ∘* glue E n : pconst_pcompose
                                         ...   ~* Ω→(pconst (E (S n)) (F (S n))) ∘* glue E n   : pwhisker_right (glue E n) (ap1_pconst _ _))
-/

  definition stransport [constructor] {N : succ_str} {A : Type} {a a' : A} (p : a = a')
  (E : A → gen_prespectrum N) : E a →ₛ E a' :=
  smap.mk (λn, ptransport (λa, E a n) p)
          begin
            intro n, induction p,
            exact !pcompose_pid ⬝* !pid_pcompose⁻¹* ⬝* pwhisker_right _ !ap1_pid⁻¹*,
          end

  structure shomotopy {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f g : E →ₛ F) :=
    (to_phomotopy : Πn, f n ~* g n)
    (glue_homotopy : Πn, ptube_v
                           (to_phomotopy n)
                           (ap1_phomotopy (to_phomotopy (S n)))
                           (glue_square f n)
                           (glue_square g n))

/-    (glue_homotopy : Πn, phsquare
                         (pwhisker_left (glue F n) (to_phomotopy n))
                         (pwhisker_right (glue E n) (ap1_phomotopy (to_phomotopy (S n))))
                         (glue_square f n)
                         (glue_square g n))
-/

  infix ` ~ₛ `:50 := shomotopy

  definition shomotopy_compose {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} {f g h : E →ₛ F} (p : g ~ₛ h) (q : f ~ₛ g) : f ~ₛ h :=
  shomotopy.mk
    (λn, (shomotopy.to_phomotopy q n) ⬝* (shomotopy.to_phomotopy p n))
    begin
      intro n, unfold [ptube_v],
      rewrite (pwhisker_left_trans _),
      rewrite ap1_phomotopy_trans,
      rewrite (pwhisker_right_trans _),
      exact phhconcat ((shomotopy.glue_homotopy q) n) ((shomotopy.glue_homotopy p) n)
    end

  definition shomotopy_inverse {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} {f g : E →ₛ F} (p : f ~ₛ g) : g ~ₛ f :=
  shomotopy.mk (λn, (shomotopy.to_phomotopy p n)⁻¹*) begin
    intro n, unfold [ptube_v],
    rewrite (pwhisker_left_symm _ _),
    rewrite [-ap1_phomotopy_symm],
    rewrite (pwhisker_right_symm _ _),
    exact phhinverse ((shomotopy.glue_homotopy p) n)
  end

  -- incoherent homotopies. this is a bit gross, but
  -- a) we don't need the higher coherences for most basic things
  --   (you need it for higher algebra, e.g. power operations)
  -- b) homotopies of maps between spectra are really hard

  structure shomotopy_incoh {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f g : E →ₛ F) :=
  (to_phomotopy : Πn, f n ~* g n)

  infix ` ~ₛi `:50 := shomotopy_incoh

  definition shomotopy_to_incoh [coercion] {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} {f g : E →ₛ F} (p : f ~ₛ g) : shomotopy_incoh f g :=
  shomotopy_incoh.mk (λn, (shomotopy.to_phomotopy p) n)

  ------------------------------
  -- Equivalences of prespectra
  ------------------------------

  definition spectrum_pequiv_of_pequiv_succ {E F : spectrum} (n : ℤ) (e : E (n + 1) ≃* F (n + 1)) :
    E n ≃* F n :=
  equiv_glue E n ⬝e* loop_pequiv_loop e ⬝e* (equiv_glue F n)⁻¹ᵉ*

  definition spectrum_pequiv_of_nat {E F : spectrum} (e : Π(n : ℕ), E n ≃* F n) (n : ℤ) :
    E n ≃* F n :=
  begin
    induction n with n n,
      exact e n,
    induction n with n IH,
    { exact spectrum_pequiv_of_pequiv_succ -[1+0] (e 0) },
    { exact spectrum_pequiv_of_pequiv_succ -[1+succ n] IH }
  end

  -- definition spectrum_pequiv_of_nat_add {E F : spectrum} (m : ℕ)
  --   (e : Π(n : ℕ), E (n + m) ≃* F (n + m)) : Π(n : ℤ), E n ≃* F n :=
  -- begin
  --   apply spectrum_pequiv_of_nat,
  --   refine nat.rec_down _ m e _,
  --   intro n f m, cases m with m,

  -- end

  definition is_contr_spectrum_of_nat {E : spectrum} (e : Π(n : ℕ), is_contr (E n)) (n : ℤ) :
    is_contr (E n)  :=
  begin
    have Πn, is_contr (E (n + 1)) → is_contr (E n),
    from λn H, @(is_trunc_equiv_closed_rev -2 !equiv_glue) (is_contr_loop_of_is_contr H),
    induction n with n n,
      exact e n,
    induction n with n IH,
    { exact this -[1+0] (e 0) },
    { exact this -[1+succ n] IH }
  end

  structure is_sequiv {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f : E →ₛ F) : Type :=
  (to_linv : F →ₛ E)
  (is_retr : to_linv ∘ₛf ~ₛ sid E)
  (to_rinv : F →ₛ E)
  (is_sec  : f ∘ₛ to_rinv ~ₛ sid F)

  structure sequiv {N : succ_str} (E F : gen_prespectrum N) : Type :=
  (to_fun  : E →ₛ F)
  (to_is_sequiv : is_sequiv to_fun)

  infix ` ≃ₛ ` : 25 := sequiv

  definition is_sequiv_smap {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f : E →ₛ F) : Type := Π (n: N), is_equiv (f n)

  definition is_sequiv_of_smap_pequiv {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f : E →ₛ F) (H : is_sequiv_smap f) (n : N) : E n ≃* F n :=
  begin
    fapply pequiv_of_pmap,
    exact f n,
    fapply H,
  end

  definition is_sequiv_of_smap_inv {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f : E →ₛ F) (H : is_sequiv_smap f) : F →ₛ E :=
  begin
    fapply smap.mk,
    intro n,
    exact (is_sequiv_of_smap_pequiv f H n)⁻¹ᵉ*,
    intro n,
    refine _ ⬝vp* (to_pinv_loopn_pequiv_loopn 1 (is_sequiv_of_smap_pequiv f H (S n)))⁻¹*,
    fapply phinverse,
    exact glue_square f n,
  end

  local postfix `⁻¹ˢ` : (max + 1) := is_sequiv_of_smap_inv

  definition is_sequiv_of_smap_isretr {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f : E →ₛ F) (H : is_sequiv_smap f) : is_sequiv_of_smap_inv f H ∘ₛ f ~ₛ sid E :=
  begin
    fapply shomotopy.mk,
    intro n,
    fapply pleft_inv,
    intro n,
    refine _ ⬝hp** _,
    repeat exact sorry,
  end

  definition is_sequiv_of_smap_issec {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f : E →ₛ F) (H : is_sequiv_smap f) : f ∘ₛ is_sequiv_of_smap_inv f H ~ₛ sid F :=
  begin
    repeat exact sorry
  end

  definition is_sequiv_of_smap {N : succ_str} {E F : gen_prespectrum N} (f : E →ₛ F) : is_sequiv_smap f → is_sequiv f :=
  begin
    intro H,
    fapply is_sequiv.mk,
    fapply is_sequiv_of_smap_inv f H,
    fapply is_sequiv_of_smap_isretr f H,
    fapply is_sequiv_of_smap_inv f H,
    fapply is_sequiv_of_smap_issec f H,
  end

  ------------------------------
  -- Suspension prespectra
  ------------------------------

  -- This should probably go in 'susp'
  definition psuspn : ℕ → Type* → Type*
  | psuspn 0 X          := X
  | psuspn (succ n) X   := psusp (psuspn n X)

  -- Suspension prespectra are one that's naturally indexed on the natural numbers
  definition psp_susp (X : Type*) : gen_prespectrum +ℕ :=
    gen_prespectrum.mk (λn, psuspn n X) (λn, loop_psusp_unit (psuspn n X))

  -- The sphere prespectrum
  definition psp_sphere : gen_prespectrum +ℕ :=
    psp_susp bool.pbool

  /---------------------
    Homotopy groups
   ---------------------/

  -- Here we start to reap the rewards of using ℤ-indexing: we can
  -- read off the homotopy groups without any tedious case-analysis of
  -- n.  We increment by 2 in order to ensure that they are all
  -- automatically abelian groups.
  definition shomotopy_group (n : ℤ) (E : spectrum) : AbGroup := πag[2] (E (2 - n))

  notation `πₛ[`:95 n:0 `]`:0 := shomotopy_group n

  definition shomotopy_group_fun (n : ℤ) {E F : spectrum} (f : E →ₛ F) :
    πₛ[n] E →g πₛ[n] F :=
  π→g[2] (f (2 - n))

  definition shomotopy_group_isomorphism_of_pequiv (n : ℤ) {E F : spectrum} (f : Πn, E n ≃* F n) :
    πₛ[n] E ≃g πₛ[n] F :=
  homotopy_group_isomorphism_of_pequiv 1 (f (2 - n))

  definition shomotopy_group_isomorphism_of_pequiv_nat (n : ℕ) {E F : spectrum}
    (f : Πn, E n ≃* F n) : πₛ[n] E ≃g πₛ[n] F :=
  shomotopy_group_isomorphism_of_pequiv n (spectrum_pequiv_of_nat f)

  notation `πₛ→[`:95 n:0 `]`:0 := shomotopy_group_fun n

  -- what an awful name
  definition shomotopy_group_fun_shomotopy_incoh {E F : spectrum} {f g : E →ₛ F} (n : ℤ) (p : f ~ₛi g) : πₛ→[n] f ~ πₛ→[n] g :=
  begin
    refine homotopy_group_functor_phomotopy 2 _,
    exact (shomotopy_incoh.to_phomotopy p) (2 - n)
  end

  /- homotopy group of a prespectrum -/

  definition pshomotopy_group_hom (n : ℤ) (E : prespectrum) (k : ℕ)
    : πag[k + 2] (E (-n - 2 + k)) →g πag[k + 3] (E (-n - 2 + (k + 1))) :=
  begin
    refine _ ∘g π→g[k+2] (glue E _),
    refine (ghomotopy_group_succ_in _ (k+1))⁻¹ᵍ ∘g _,
    refine homotopy_group_isomorphism_of_pequiv (k+1)
      (loop_pequiv_loop (pequiv_of_eq (ap E (add.assoc (-n - 2) k 1))))
  end

  definition pshomotopy_group (n : ℤ) (E : prespectrum) : AbGroup :=
  group.seq_colim (λ(k : ℕ), πag[k+2] (E (-n - 2 + k))) (pshomotopy_group_hom n E)

  notation `πₚₛ[`:95 n:0 `]`:0 := pshomotopy_group n

  definition pshomotopy_group_fun (n : ℤ) {E F : prespectrum} (f : E →ₛ F) :
    πₚₛ[n] E →g πₚₛ[n] F :=
  group.seq_colim_functor (λk, π→g[k+2] (f (-n - 2 +[ℤ] k)))
    begin
      intro k,
      note sq1 := homotopy_group_homomorphism_psquare (k+2) (ptranspose (smap.glue_square f (-n - 2 +[ℤ] k))),
      note sq2 := homotopy_group_functor_hsquare (k+2) (ap1_psquare (ptransport_natural E F f (add.assoc (-n - 2) k 1))),
      note sq3 := (homotopy_group_succ_in_natural (k+2) (f (-n - 2 +[ℤ] (k+1))))⁻¹ʰᵗʸʰ,
      note sq4 := hsquare_of_psquare sq2,
      note rect := sq1 ⬝htyh sq4 ⬝htyh sq3,
      exact sorry --sq1 ⬝htyh sq4 ⬝htyh sq3,
    end

  notation `πₚₛ→[`:95 n:0 `]`:0 := pshomotopy_group_fun n

  /-------------------------------
    Cotensor of spectra by types
  -------------------------------/

  -- Makes sense for any indexing succ_str.  Could be done for
  -- prespectra too, but as with truncation, why bother?

  definition sp_cotensor [constructor] {N : succ_str} (A : Type*) (B : gen_spectrum N) : gen_spectrum N :=
    spectrum.MK (λn, ppmap A (B n))
      (λn, (loop_ppmap_commute A (B (S n)))⁻¹ᵉ* ∘*ᵉ (pequiv_ppcompose_left (equiv_glue B n)))

  ----------------------------------------
  -- Sections of parametrized spectra
  ----------------------------------------

  definition spi [constructor] {N : succ_str} (A : Type*) (E : A -> gen_spectrum N) : gen_spectrum N :=
    spectrum.MK (λn, Π*a, E a n)
      (λn, !ppi_loop_pequiv⁻¹ᵉ* ∘*ᵉ ppi_pequiv_right (λa, equiv_glue (E a) n))

  /-----------------------------------------
    Fibers and long exact sequences
  -----------------------------------------/

  definition sfiber [constructor] {N : succ_str} {X Y : gen_spectrum N} (f : X →ₛ Y) :
    gen_spectrum N :=
    spectrum.MK (λn, pfiber (f n))
       (λn, (loop_pfiber (f (S n)))⁻¹ᵉ* ∘*ᵉ pfiber_pequiv_of_square _ _ (sglue_square f n))

  /- the map from the fiber to the domain -/
  definition spoint {N : succ_str} {X Y : gen_spectrum N} (f : X →ₛ Y) : sfiber f →ₛ X :=
  smap.mk (λn, ppoint (f n))
    begin
      intro n,
      refine _ ⬝* !passoc,
      refine _ ⬝* pwhisker_right _ !ppoint_loop_pfiber_inv⁻¹*,
      rexact (pfiber_pequiv_of_square_ppoint (equiv_glue X n) (equiv_glue Y n) (sglue_square f n))⁻¹*
    end

  definition scompose_spoint {N : succ_str} {X Y : gen_spectrum N} (f : X →ₛ Y)
    : f ∘ₛ spoint f ~ₛ !szero :=
  begin
    fapply shomotopy.mk,
    { intro n, exact pcompose_ppoint (f n) },
    { intro n, exact sorry }
  end

  definition equiv_glue_neg (X : spectrum) (n : ℤ) : X (2 - succ n) ≃* Ω (X (2 - n)) :=
  have H : succ (2 - succ n) = 2 - n, from ap succ !sub_sub⁻¹ ⬝ sub_add_cancel (2-n) 1,
  equiv_glue X (2 - succ n) ⬝e* loop_pequiv_loop (pequiv_of_eq (ap X H))

  definition π_glue (X : spectrum) (n : ℤ) : π[2] (X (2 - succ n)) ≃* π[3] (X (2 - n)) :=
  homotopy_group_pequiv 2 (equiv_glue_neg X n)

  definition πg_glue (X : spectrum) (n : ℤ) : πg[2] (X (2 - succ n)) ≃g πg[3] (X (2 - n)) :=
  by rexact homotopy_group_isomorphism_of_pequiv _ (equiv_glue_neg X n)

  definition πg_glue_homotopy_π_glue (X : spectrum) (n : ℤ) : πg_glue X n ~ π_glue X n :=
  by reflexivity

  definition π_glue_square {X Y : spectrum} (f : X →ₛ Y) (n : ℤ) :
    π_glue Y n ∘* π→[2] (f (2 - succ n)) ~* π→[3] (f (2 - n)) ∘* π_glue X n :=
  begin
    change π→[2] (equiv_glue_neg Y n) ∘* π→[2] (f (2 - succ n)) ~*
           π→[2] (Ω→ (f (2 - n))) ∘* π→[2] (equiv_glue_neg X n),
    refine homotopy_group_functor_psquare 2 _,
    refine !sglue_square ⬝v* ap1_psquare !pequiv_of_eq_commute
  end

  section
  open chain_complex prod fin group

  universe variable u
  parameters {X Y : spectrum.{u}} (f : X →ₛ Y)

  definition LES_of_shomotopy_groups : chain_complex +3ℤ :=
  splice (λ(n : ℤ), LES_of_homotopy_groups (f (2 - n))) (2, 0)
         (π_glue Y) (π_glue X) (π_glue_square f)

  -- This LES is definitionally what we want:
  example (n : ℤ) : LES_of_shomotopy_groups (n, 0) = πₛ[n] Y := idp
  example (n : ℤ) : LES_of_shomotopy_groups (n, 1) = πₛ[n] X := idp
  example (n : ℤ) : LES_of_shomotopy_groups (n, 2) = πₛ[n] (sfiber f) := idp
  example (n : ℤ) : cc_to_fn LES_of_shomotopy_groups (n, 0) = πₛ→[n] f := idp
  example (n : ℤ) : cc_to_fn LES_of_shomotopy_groups (n, 1) = πₛ→[n] (spoint f) := idp
  -- the maps are ugly for (n, 2)

  definition ab_group_LES_of_shomotopy_groups : Π(v : +3ℤ), ab_group (LES_of_shomotopy_groups v)
  | (n, fin.mk 0 H) := proof AbGroup.struct (πₛ[n] Y) qed
  | (n, fin.mk 1 H) := proof AbGroup.struct (πₛ[n] X) qed
  | (n, fin.mk 2 H) := proof AbGroup.struct (πₛ[n] (sfiber f)) qed
  | (n, fin.mk (k+3) H) := begin exfalso, apply lt_le_antisymm H, apply le_add_left end
  local attribute ab_group_LES_of_shomotopy_groups [instance]

  definition is_mul_hom_LES_of_shomotopy_groups :
    Π(v : +3ℤ), is_mul_hom (cc_to_fn LES_of_shomotopy_groups v)
  | (n, fin.mk 0 H) := proof homomorphism.struct (πₛ→[n] f) qed
  | (n, fin.mk 1 H) := proof homomorphism.struct (πₛ→[n] (spoint f)) qed
  | (n, fin.mk 2 H) := proof homomorphism.struct
        (homomorphism_LES_of_homotopy_groups_fun (f (2 - n)) (1, 2) ∘g πg_glue Y n) qed
  | (n, fin.mk (k+3) H) := begin exfalso, apply lt_le_antisymm H, apply le_add_left end

  definition is_exact_LES_of_shomotopy_groups : is_exact LES_of_shomotopy_groups :=
  begin
    apply is_exact_splice, intro n, apply is_exact_LES_of_homotopy_groups,
  end

  -- In the comments below is a start on an explicit description of the LES for spectra
  -- Maybe it's slightly nicer to work with than the above version

  definition shomotopy_groups [reducible] : +3ℤ → AbGroup
  | (n, fin.mk 0 H) := πₛ[n] Y
  | (n, fin.mk 1 H) := πₛ[n] X
  | (n, fin.mk k H) := πₛ[n] (sfiber f)

  definition shomotopy_groups_fun : Π(v : +3ℤ), shomotopy_groups (S v) →g shomotopy_groups v
  | (n, fin.mk 0 H) := proof πₛ→[n] f qed
  | (n, fin.mk 1 H) := proof πₛ→[n] (spoint f) qed
  | (n, fin.mk 2 H) := proof homomorphism_LES_of_homotopy_groups_fun (f (2 - n)) (nat.succ nat.zero, 2) ∘g
                             πg_glue Y n ∘g (by reflexivity) qed
  | (n, fin.mk (k+3) H) := begin exfalso, apply lt_le_antisymm H, apply le_add_left end
--(homomorphism_LES_of_homotopy_groups_fun (f (2 - n)) (1, 2) ∘g πg_glue Y n)
  end

  structure sp_chain_complex (N : succ_str) : Type :=
    (car : N → spectrum)
    (fn : Π(n : N), car (S n) →ₛ car n)
    (is_chain_complex : Πn, fn n ∘ₛ fn (S n) ~ₛ szero _ _)

  section
    variables {N : succ_str} (X : sp_chain_complex N) (n : N)

    definition scc_to_car [unfold 2] [coercion] := @sp_chain_complex.car
    definition scc_to_fn [unfold 2] : X (S n) →ₛ X n := sp_chain_complex.fn X n
    definition scc_is_chain_complex [unfold 2] : scc_to_fn X n ∘ₛ scc_to_fn X (S n) ~ₛ szero _ _
      := sp_chain_complex.is_chain_complex X n
  end

  /- Mapping spectra -/
  -- note: see also cotensor above

  /- Prespectrification -/
  definition is_sconnected {N : succ_str} {X Y : gen_prespectrum N} (h : X →ₛ Y) : Type :=
  Π (E : gen_spectrum N), is_equiv (λ g : Y →ₛ E, g ∘ₛ h)

  definition prespectrification [constructor] {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) : gen_prespectrum N :=
  gen_prespectrum.mk (λ n, Ω (X (S n))) (λ n, Ω→ (glue X (S n)))

  definition to_prespectrification {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) : X →ₛ prespectrification X :=
  begin
    fapply smap.mk,
    exact glue X,
    intro n, fapply psquare_of_phomotopy, reflexivity
  end

  definition is_sequiv_smap_of_is_spectrum {N : succ_str} (E : gen_prespectrum N) (H : is_spectrum E) : is_sequiv_smap (to_prespectrification E) :=
  begin
    repeat exact sorry
  end

  definition is_sequiv_of_spectrum {N : succ_str} (E : gen_spectrum N) : is_sequiv_smap (to_prespectrification E) :=
  begin
    repeat exact sorry
  end

  definition is_sconnected_to_prespectrification_inv {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (E : gen_spectrum N) 
  : (X →ₛ E) → (prespectrification X →ₛ E) :=
  begin
    intro f,
    fapply smap.mk,
    intro n, exact (equiv_glue E n)⁻¹ᵉ* ∘* Ω→ (f (S n)),
    intro n, fapply psquare_of_phomotopy,
    refine (passoc (glue (gen_spectrum.to_prespectrum E) n) (pequiv.to_pmap
    (equiv_glue (gen_spectrum.to_prespectrum E) n)⁻¹ᵉ*) (Ω→ (to_fun f (S n))))⁻¹* ⬝* _,
    refine pwhisker_right (Ω→ (to_fun f (S n))) (pright_inv (equiv_glue E n)) ⬝* _,
    refine _ ⬝* pwhisker_right (glue (prespectrification X) n) ((ap1_pcompose (pequiv.to_pmap (equiv_glue (gen_spectrum.to_prespectrum E) (S n))⁻¹ᵉ*) (Ω→ (to_fun f (S (S n)))))⁻¹*),
    refine pid_pcompose (Ω→ (f (S n))) ⬝* _,
    repeat exact sorry
  end

  definition is_sconnected_to_prespectrification_isretr {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (E : gen_spectrum N) (f : prespectrification X →ₛ E) : is_sconnected_to_prespectrification_inv X E (f ∘ₛ to_prespectrification X) = f :=
  begin
    repeat exact sorry
  end

  definition is_sconnected_to_prespectrification_issec {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (E : gen_spectrum N) (g : X →ₛ E) :
  is_sconnected_to_prespectrification_inv X E g ∘ₛ to_prespectrification X = g :=
  begin
    repeat exact sorry
  end

  definition is_sconnected_to_prespectrify {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) :
    is_sconnected (to_prespectrification X) :=
  begin
    intro E,
    fapply adjointify,
    exact is_sconnected_to_prespectrification_inv X E,
    exact is_sconnected_to_prespectrification_issec X E,
    exact is_sconnected_to_prespectrification_isretr X E
  end

  -- Conjecture
  definition is_spectrum_of_local (X : gen_prespectrum +ℕ) (Hyp : is_equiv (λ (f : prespectrification (psp_sphere) →ₛ X), f ∘ₛ to_prespectrification (psp_sphere))) : is_spectrum X :=
  begin
    fapply is_spectrum.mk,
    exact sorry
  end

  /- Spectrification -/

  open chain_complex
  definition spectrify_type_term {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (n : N) (k : ℕ) : Type* :=
  Ω[k] (X (n +' k))

  definition spectrify_type_fun' {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (n : N) (k : ℕ) :
    Ω[k] (X n) →* Ω[k+1] (X (S n)) :=
  !loopn_succ_in⁻¹ᵉ* ∘* Ω→[k] (glue X n)

  definition spectrify_type_fun {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (n : N) (k : ℕ) :
    spectrify_type_term X n k →* spectrify_type_term X n (k+1) :=
  spectrify_type_fun' X (n +' k) k

  definition spectrify_type_fun_zero {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (n : N) :
    spectrify_type_fun X n 0 ~* glue X n :=
  !pid_pcompose

  definition spectrify_type {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (n : N) : Type* :=
  pseq_colim (spectrify_type_fun X n)

  /-
    Let Y = spectify X ≡ colim_k Ω^k X (n + k). Then
    Ω Y (n+1) ≡ Ω colim_k Ω^k X ((n + 1) + k)
          ... = colim_k Ω^{k+1} X ((n + 1) + k)
          ... = colim_k Ω^{k+1} X (n + (k + 1))
          ... = colim_k Ω^k X(n + k)
          ... ≡ Y n
  -/

  definition spectrify_type_fun'_succ {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (n : N) (k : ℕ) :
    spectrify_type_fun' X n (succ k) ~* Ω→ (spectrify_type_fun' X n k) :=
  begin
    refine !ap1_pcompose⁻¹*
  end

  definition spectrify_pequiv {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (n : N) :
    spectrify_type X n ≃* Ω (spectrify_type X (S n)) :=
  begin
    refine !pshift_equiv ⬝e* _,
    transitivity pseq_colim (λk, spectrify_type_fun' X (S n +' k) (succ k)),
    fapply pseq_colim_pequiv,
    { intro n, apply loopn_pequiv_loopn, apply pequiv_ap X, apply succ_str.add_succ },
    { exact abstract begin intro k,
      refine !passoc⁻¹* ⬝* _, refine pwhisker_right _ (loopn_succ_in_inv_natural (succ k) _) ⬝* _,
      refine !passoc ⬝* _ ⬝* !passoc⁻¹*, apply pwhisker_left,
      refine !apn_pcompose⁻¹* ⬝* _ ⬝* !apn_pcompose, apply apn_phomotopy,
      exact !glue_ptransport⁻¹* end end },
    refine _ ⬝e* !pseq_colim_loop⁻¹ᵉ*,
    exact pseq_colim_equiv_constant (λn, !spectrify_type_fun'_succ),
  end

  definition spectrify [constructor] {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) : gen_spectrum N :=
  spectrum.MK (spectrify_type X) (spectrify_pequiv X)

  definition gluen {N : succ_str} (X : gen_prespectrum N) (n : N) (k : ℕ)
    : X n →* Ω[k] (X (n +' k)) :=
  by induction k with k f; reflexivity; exact !loopn_succ_in⁻¹ᵉ* ∘* Ω→[k] (glue X (n +' k)) ∘* f

  -- note: the forward map is (currently) not definitionally equal to gluen. Is that a problem?
  definition equiv_gluen {N : succ_str} (X : gen_spectrum N) (n : N) (k : ℕ)
    : X n ≃* Ω[k] (X (n +' k)) :=
  by induction k with k f; reflexivity; exact f ⬝e* (loopn_pequiv_loopn k (equiv_glue X (n +' k))
                                                ⬝e* !loopn_succ_in⁻¹ᵉ*)

  definition equiv_gluen_inv_succ {N : succ_str} (X : gen_spectrum N) (n : N) (k : ℕ) :
    (equiv_gluen X n (k+1))⁻¹ᵉ* ~*
    (equiv_gluen X n k)⁻¹ᵉ* ∘* Ω→[k] (equiv_glue X (n +' k))⁻¹ᵉ* ∘* !loopn_succ_in :=
  begin
    refine !trans_pinv ⬝* pwhisker_left _ _, refine !trans_pinv ⬝* _, refine pwhisker_left _ !pinv_pinv
  end

  definition spectrify_map {N : succ_str} {X : gen_prespectrum N} : X →ₛ spectrify X :=
  begin
    fapply smap.mk,
    { intro n, exact pinclusion _ 0 },
    { intro n, apply phomotopy_of_psquare,
      refine !pid_pcompose⁻¹* ⬝ph* _,
      refine !passoc ⬝* pwhisker_left _ (pshift_equiv_pinclusion (spectrify_type_fun X n) 0) ⬝* _,
      refine !passoc⁻¹* ⬝* _,
      refine _ ◾* (spectrify_type_fun_zero X n ⬝* !pid_pcompose⁻¹*),
      refine !passoc ⬝* pwhisker_left _ !pseq_colim_pequiv_pinclusion ⬝* _,
      refine pwhisker_left _ (pwhisker_left _ (ap1_pid) ⬝* !pcompose_pid) ⬝* _,
      refine !passoc ⬝* pwhisker_left _ !seq_colim_equiv_constant_pinclusion ⬝* _,
      apply pinv_left_phomotopy_of_phomotopy,
      exact !pseq_colim_loop_pinclusion⁻¹*
    }
  end

  definition spectrify.elim_n {N : succ_str} {X : gen_prespectrum N} {Y : gen_spectrum N}
    (f : X →ₛ Y) (n : N) : (spectrify X) n →* Y n :=
  begin
    fapply pseq_colim.elim,
    { intro k, refine !equiv_gluen⁻¹ᵉ* ∘* apn k (f (n +' k)) },
    { intro k, refine !passoc ⬝* pwhisker_right _ !equiv_gluen_inv_succ ⬝* _,
      refine !passoc ⬝* _, apply pwhisker_left,
      refine !passoc ⬝* _,
      refine pwhisker_left _ ((passoc _ _ (_ ∘* _))⁻¹*) ⬝* _,
      refine pwhisker_left _ !passoc⁻¹* ⬝* _,
      refine pwhisker_left _ (pwhisker_right _ (phomotopy_pinv_right_of_phomotopy (!loopn_succ_in_natural)⁻¹*)⁻¹*) ⬝* _,
      refine pwhisker_right _ !apn_pinv ⬝* _,
      refine (phomotopy_pinv_left_of_phomotopy _)⁻¹*,
      refine apn_psquare k _,
      refine psquare_of_phomotopy !smap.glue_square }
  end

  definition spectrify.elim {N : succ_str} {X : gen_prespectrum N} {Y : gen_spectrum N}
    (f : X →ₛ Y) : spectrify X →ₛ Y :=
  begin
    fapply smap.mk,
    { intro n, exact spectrify.elim_n f n },
    { intro n, exact sorry }
  end

  definition phomotopy_spectrify.elim {N : succ_str} {X : gen_prespectrum N} {Y : gen_spectrum N}
    (f : X →ₛ Y) (n : N) : spectrify.elim_n f n ∘* spectrify_map n ~* f n :=
  begin
    refine pseq_colim.elim_pinclusion _ _ 0 ⬝* _,
    exact !pid_pcompose
  end

  definition spectrify_fun {N : succ_str} {X Y : gen_prespectrum N} (f : X →ₛ Y) : spectrify X →ₛ spectrify Y :=
  spectrify.elim ((@spectrify_map _ Y) ∘ₛ f)

  /- Tensor by spaces -/

  /- Smash product of spectra -/

open smash

definition smash_prespectrum (X : Type*) (Y : prespectrum) : prespectrum :=
prespectrum.mk (λ z, X ∧ Y z) begin
  intro n, refine loop_psusp_pintro (X ∧ Y n) (X ∧ Y (n + 1)) _,
  refine _ ∘* (smash_psusp X (Y n))⁻¹ᵉ*,
  refine smash_functor !pid _,
  refine psusp_pelim (Y n) (Y (n + 1)) _,
  exact !glue
end

definition smash_prespectrum_fun {X X' : Type*} {Y Y' : prespectrum} (f : X →* X') (g : Y →ₛ Y') : smash_prespectrum X Y →ₛ smash_prespectrum X' Y' :=
smap.mk (λn, smash_functor f (g n)) begin
  intro n,
  refine susp_to_loop_psquare _ _ _ _ _,
  refine pvconcat (psquare_transpose (phinverse (smash_psusp_natural f (g n)))) _,
  refine vconcat_phomotopy _ (smash_functor_split f (g (S n))),
  refine phomotopy_vconcat (smash_functor_split f (psusp_functor (g n))) _,
  refine phconcat _ _,
  let glue_adjoint := psusp_pelim (Y n) (Y (S n)) (glue Y n),
  exact pid X' ∧→ glue_adjoint,
  exact smash_functor_psquare (pvrefl f) (phrefl glue_adjoint),
  refine smash_functor_psquare (phrefl (pid X')) _,
  refine loop_to_susp_square _ _ _ _ _,
  exact smap.glue_square g n
end

definition smash_spectrum (X : Type*) (Y : spectrum) : spectrum :=
spectrify (smash_prespectrum X Y)

definition smash_spectrum_fun {X X' : Type*} {Y Y' : spectrum} (f : X →* X') (g : Y →ₛ Y') : smash_spectrum X Y →ₛ smash_spectrum X' Y' :=
spectrify_fun (smash_prespectrum_fun f g)

  /- Cofibers and stability -/


  ------------------------------
  -- Contractible spectrum
  ------------------------------

  definition sunit.{u} [constructor] : spectrum.{u} :=
  spectrum.MK (λn, plift punit) (λn, pequiv_of_is_contr _ _ _ _)

  definition shomotopy_group_sunit.{u} (n : ℤ) : πₛ[n] sunit.{u} ≃g trivial_ab_group_lift.{u} :=
  have H : 0 <[ℕ] 2, from !zero_lt_succ,
  isomorphism_of_is_contr (@trivial_homotopy_group_of_is_trunc _ _ _ !is_trunc_lift H)
    !is_trunc_lift

  open option
  definition add_point_spectrum [unfold 3] {X : Type} (Y : X → spectrum) : X₊ → spectrum
  | (some x) := Y x
  | none     := sunit

  definition shomotopy_group_add_point_spectrum {X : Type} (Y : X → spectrum) (n : ℤ) :
    Π(x : X₊), πₛ[n] (add_point_spectrum Y x) ≃g add_point_AbGroup (λ (x : X), πₛ[n] (Y x)) x
  | (some x) := by reflexivity
  | none     := shomotopy_group_sunit n

  /- The Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum -/

  definition EM_spectrum /-[constructor]-/ (G : AbGroup) : spectrum :=
  spectrum.Mk (K G) (λn, (loop_EM G n)⁻¹ᵉ*)

  definition EM_spectrum_pequiv {G H : AbGroup} (e : G ≃g H) (n : ℤ) :
    EM_spectrum G n ≃* EM_spectrum H n :=
  spectrum_pequiv_of_nat (λk, EM_pequiv_EM k e) n

  definition EM_spectrum_trivial.{u} (n : ℤ) :
    EM_spectrum trivial_ab_group_lift.{u} n ≃* trivial_ab_group_lift.{u} :=
  pequiv_of_is_contr _ _
    (is_contr_spectrum_of_nat (λk, is_contr_EM k !is_trunc_lift) n)
    !is_trunc_lift

  /- Wedge of prespectra -/

open fwedge

  definition fwedge_prespectrum.{u v} {I : Type.{v}} (X : I -> prespectrum.{u}) : prespectrum.{max u v} :=
  begin
    fconstructor,
    { intro n, exact fwedge (λ i, X i n) },
    { intro n, fapply fwedge_pmap,
      intro i, exact Ω→ !pinl ∘* !glue
  }
  end

end spectrum